Water Pollution PPT

Water Pollution Salma Adeel (OCT) SLO’s Students will be able to: Explain what is meant by water pollution, Describe different pollutants that pollute water Identify effects of water pollution Video Water pollution 3% of fresh water is available on our planet for human consump...

Water Pollution Salma Adeel (OCT) SLO’s Students will be able to: Explain what is meant by water pollution, Describe different pollutants that pollute water Identify effects of water pollution Video Water pollution 3% of fresh water is available on our planet for human consumption It is contaminated by sewage, toxic chemicals, metals, and other substances. Water pollution affects both surface water (like rivers, lakes, oceans) and ground water. Waterways are clogged with harmful materials like oil, metals, detergents, plastic, pesticides, fertilizers, human and animal waste. Water pollution About 2 million metric tones of effluents are discharged into the world’s water every day In developing countries, it is estimated that over 90% of raw sewage and 70% of untreated industrial waste are flushed into the surface water sources. Kandy lake in Sri Lanka is polluted, its hydro- geochemistry results indicated eutrophication in the lake and it is not suitable for drinking purpose. The causes of water pollution Untreated sewage ( in Pak. Only 8% of the urban waste water is treated) Industrial waste ( only 1% is treated) Agricultural waste Water pollution Damage to ecosystem Loss of ecosystem leads to loss of biodiversity Sewage can increase acidity of water, which can interact with sediments to release heavy metals which can kill or cause diseases in aquatic life. Industrial effluents having chemicals can accumulate within animal tissues and have long term toxic effects. Eutrophication, phytoplankton, algal blooms Turbidity reduces the amount of light available for plant growth. The effects of water pollution Pathogens Cause diseases like Hepatitis, diarrhea, typhoid, intestinal worms, and cholera. 9% deaths of children under the age of 5 in 2015 was caused by diarrhoea Poisoning: Chromium used in dyes and leather industry is linked with lung and other cancers. Lead, used in mining, can cause changes to human metabolism, and intelligence, convulsions, coma, kidney failure, and death. Arsenic used in car batteries and in building industry is a poison lined to skin problems, and to many cancers Activity Q. B6 page # 47 HW: Q # E1 and 2 Land Pollution SLO’s Students will be able to: Explain what is meant by land pollution Describe how household waste causes land pollution Identify different the causes and effects of land pollution. Land Pollution Contamination and degradation of the earth’s land surfaces and soil. It occurs:  when waste is not disposed off properly. When chemicals enter the soil in the form of pesticides and fertilizers. Video Causes of Land Pollution Garbage Industrial and Agricultural waste Atmospheric pollution Garbage( Solid waste) Household waste is a large contributor to land and soil pollution. In Pakistan, 18 million metric tonnes of solid waste is generated annually, it grows by 2.4 % each year. Solid waste includes, glass, metal, cloth, plastic , wood, paper, batteries, tyres, and oil. It also includes waste from industrial sites, such as wood, metal, paint, and plastic. In Pakistan, there are few municipal or town landfill sites where rubbish is dumped on open sites, some is burned, and some is recycled. Toxic substances at the sites seep down into the ground, contaminating the soil and frequently the groundwater below. Industrial and agricultural waste They cause land pollution by dumping chemicals, metals, and plastics that are used in the production processes. Mining companies use toxic metals like mercury, copper, and lead which poison the soil and eventually leach into the ground water. Agricultural sources of land pollution include chemicals like pesticides, fertilizers, and insecticides. These chemicals poison the soil and make it impossible for plants to grow. Atmospheric pollution Smog particulates Acid rain Effects of Land pollution Trees are growing slowly and dying early. Soil gets unsuitable for farming. Diseases and Fires: At rubbish sites, inorganic and organic materials get mixed up, which provides a breeding place for rodents and insects which transmits diseases like salmonella, typhoid, cholera, and dysentery. Methane gas, which builds up in organic rubbish, can create fires and explosions. The effects of land pollution Decreasing soil fertility and crop yield: Salinity increases in the soil which destroy organisms like good bacteria, earthworms etc., it leads to lower crop yield or to conditions in which it is impossible for plants to grow. Biomagnification ( metals, and chemicals in the soil get into plants which accumulates in food chain.) Human health: short term exposure to contaminated soil can lead to Skin and respiratory diseases Long term exposure can cause serious health problems like cancer, it also affects our genetic make up and causes congenital illness. Recap Minute paper Home Work Q#B3, 4,5, C page # 47 Light Pollution SLO’s Students will be able to: Explain light pollution, its types , causes and effects on organism. Describe noise pollution, causes, types and effects on organisms. Identify effects of different types of pollution on climate change.  Light pollution It is the excessive use of artificial light in a way that results in health problems for humans and changes in the natural cycles and activities of wildlife and plants. Causes and types of light pollution Effects of Light pollution Light pollution affects relationship of humans, animals, and plants with the days and seasons. It can cause sleeplessness, which in turn can cause fatigue, headaches, eye strain, stress, anxiety, and even more serious diseases. Affects plants and animals daily rhythms. Nocturnal wildlife cannot hunt under the cover of darkness. Migrating birds become confused by city lights and become lost. Plants no longer distinguish the seasons and grow and flower at random. Sky glow makes it difficult to study the stars at night in city areas. Nosie Pollution Noise pollution Excessive noise that produces discomfort or is harmful. It can disturb sleep, conversation, ability to concentrate, physical damage to the eardrums. It is measured in decibels (dB) WHO sets outdoor night noise limits at 40 dB. Limit of sound in industrial, commercial, and traffic areas should not exceed 70 dB. Causes and effects Machines. Transport, festivals, concerts etc. In large cities of Pakistan, traffic noise in public areas is regularly about 100dB, extensive horns of cars and motorbikes at around 90dB, horns of trucks and buses at about 120- 130dB, loudspeaker 100dB, nose from ceremonies at 150dB. Causes stress, high blood pressure, sleep disturbance, hearing loss, risk of heart diseases. Hearing impairment in Karachi affects 33% of rickshaw drivers, 57% of shopkeepers in busy areas, 83% of traffic police. Sonars from submarines can upset the navigation system of whales. Impact of pollution on climate change Anthropogenic climate change ( due to humans’ activities) Settlements( urbanization, deforestation, soil erosion, extinction of species, use of concrete, increased runoff, water get polluted, burning of fossil fuels, heat islands) Agriculture (ammonia production) Industrial Political (military around the world emits 6% of all GHG) Effects of GHG Recap Exit ticket Home work D 1, 2, 3 on page # 47 B 4,5 Sustainable waste management SLO’s Students will be able to: Explain what is meant by sustainable waste management. Suggest some ecofriendly choices to manage the resources available in a sustainable manner. Explore alternative energy resources that can help reduce pollution. Sustainable waste management Stop pollution Reduce the amount of trash we produce Recycle the trash Preventing thinning of ozone layer  chlorine and bromine from CFCs and halons 1987 Montreal protocol ( 197 countries ratified to control ODSs) Use alternative energy efficient resources, HCFCs, HFCs Avoid burning of fields Educate public about dangers of ozone depletion. Activity Students in groups will list down the points taken at individual level and at government level to protect the environment. (13 minutes).  Steps at individual level  Car pooling  Avoid using plastic  Save water and electricity  Plant more trees  Use 3Rs ( reduce, reuse, recycle) Steps at government level  US EPA sets limits on the emission of some air pollutants.  China has the largest Carbon foot print  They prohibited setting new coal power plants  Government of Bangladesh is considering different interventions to reduce the emission from sources of pollution  2018 they implemented a sweeping national action plan to limit carbon foot print Steps taken by Pakistan According to German watch, Pakistan has been ranked in top ten countries most affected by climate change in the past 20 years. Ten billion Tsunami programme Early warning and information systems to enhance disaster preparedness. Biodiversity conservation AFL QA session Q -A on page # 47 Wrap up Teacher will wrap up the lesson