Cerebral Palsy Lecture Notes PDF

Lecture Material is adapted from © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach to the Mechanisms of Disease Chapter 10: Altered Neuronal Transmission Module 4: Clinical Models Dr. Romeo Batacan Jr. MPAT12001 Medical Pathophysiology Lec...

Lecture Material is adapted from © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach to the Mechanisms of Disease Chapter 10: Altered Neuronal Transmission Module 4: Clinical Models Dr. Romeo Batacan Jr. MPAT12001 Medical Pathophysiology Lecture Series Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams &Wilkins  Cerebral Palsy Clinical Treatment manifestations Diagnostic Pathophysiology criteria  Cerebral Palsy Encephalopathy: a pathology involving the brain, general category of syndromes Encephalopathies can be divided: Non-progressive type (static) Progressive type (acute or slowly progressive) Cerebral palsy: non-progressive (static) encephalopathy Group of neuromuscular disorders (movement, muscle tone, posture) Associated with intellectual disability, seizures and other problems Cause: event during the antenatal or postnatal periods damaging upper motor neurons (before, during, after birth up to 1 year of age)  Cerebral Palsy Pathophysiology Genetic, teratogenic, and early pregnancy influences on the development of cerebral palsy multifactorial not yet fully understood Most common factors in the perinatal period Anoxia/hypoxia Trauma Infections Most common factors during birth Low birth weight Birth asphyxia Metabolic acidosis detected in umbilical cord The severity of the damage depends on the gestational age at the time of the injury and the type and degree of injury sustained.  Cerebral Palsy Clinical Manifestations Symptoms vary among individuals Involved altered body movement and muscle coordination Delay in reaching milestones in infancy Mild motor dysfunction or severe disability Difficulty with fine motor skills or coordination Cognitive function, speech, seizure and mental disorders Seizure disorder or epilepsy: result of impaired chemical and electrical neurologic transmission  Cerebral Palsy Diagnostic Criteria Defining specific event/time that result in CP is often difficult No blood or diagnostic test can definitively diagnose CP Diagnosis of exclusion History Physical exam Neurologic exam Motor skills Reflexes Presence of abnormal movements/reflexes Developmental milestones Reaching for toy, 3 to 4 months Sitting, 6 to 7 months Walking, 10 to 14 months Children are often 18months old before diagnosis can be made  Cerebral Palsy Treatment No known cure Supportive treatment for signs and symptoms 1. Pharmacologic Control seizures Reduce muscle spasms 2. Assistive devices Enhance ability to complete activities of daily living Physical, occupational, emotional, speech therapy Effective treatment requires ongoing assessment, evaluation and revision of treatment