History and Evolution of Life PDF

 PLASMID GENE OF INTERES T RECOMBINANT DNA How would you describe Earth millions of years ago?  Imagine Me! Using the readings below illustrate what is asked in the grid.  Early earth in the solar system Early Earth Protocells Mod...

 PLASMID GENE OF INTERES T RECOMBINANT DNA How would you describe Earth millions of years ago?  Imagine Me! Using the readings below illustrate what is asked in the grid.  Early earth in the solar system Early Earth Protocells Modern Cells Early Prokaryotes Early Eukaryotes  Answer the guide questions given. A4, printed or handwritten Write the correct information header Deadline:  Evolution of Life EARLY EARTH The atmosphere during this time was consisted of (O₂) or no oxygen at all but made up of ammonia (NH₃), methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and nitrogen (N₂). Water molecules and vapors were formed in the atmosphere at the same time continuous wrinkling and folding of the earth crust occurred. Rain started to pour heavily, forming the first seas and oceans. The dissolved gasses in the atmosphere were washed off into the sea making the sea water salty.  Primitive Life Forms PROTOCELLS The first life forms originated from simple organic compounds or monomers. These organic compounds undergone reactions to form more complex compounds which combined to produce the first nucleotide a molecule essential for the heredity of organisms. Early cells originated from organic molecules present in the sea that could have condensed into tiny bubble-like structures.  Evolution of Life PROTOCELLS These bubble-like structures or droplets are known as protocells that started to absorb nutrients from the environment. Protocells divided and due to the presence of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), they were able to reproduce and pass on genetic information to their offspring. It is believed that this started the evolution of the biodiversity that our modern Earth has  Primitive Life Forms Early life forms were discovered through the analysis of fossil evidence by radioactive dating. Radioactive isotopes in the rock surrounding the fossil can estimate the actual age of fossils. to determine the fossil’s age utilize the two most used methods named as: potassium?argon dating and radioactive dating.  Primitive Life Forms PROKARYOTES The oldest fossils are stromatolites, which are fossilized layered mats of prokaryotic cells. The first prokaryotes were heterotrophic and released carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as they reproduced.  Primitive Life Forms Genetic variability led to the evolution of the first autotrophs, which synthesized food using sunlight but did not produce oxygen. Over time, autotrophs developed a photosynthetic process, enabling them to release oxygen into water and the atmosphere, similar to modern plants.  Primitive Life Forms EUKARYOTES The Endosymbiotic Theory or Endosymbiosis explains the evolution of eukaryotes. Mitochondria evolved from early aerobic prokaryotes. Chloroplasts originated from primitive cyanobacteria. Larger cells that engulfed these aerobic prokaryotes and primitive cyanobacteria became dependent for their physiological needs. Changes in appearance and function allowed the first eukaryotes to evolve into multicellular organisms. HISTORY OF EARTH GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE  GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE is a timeline that shows the Earth's history divided into time units based on the significant events occurring at that time. to organize the history of the Earth into sections; scientists use fossils, rock layers, and their positions relative to each other to put the history of the Earth into order.  GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE a record of life forms and geological events in the Earth’s history. 4.6 billion years ago Present EONS ERAS PERIODS based on major events EPOCHS  EON largest division of geologic time scale; half billions - nearly 2 billions of years. Subdivided into two: 1. Phanerozoic 2. Precambrian A. PRECAMBRIAN 4.5 million years; 88 percent of earth’s history. Subdivided into three: 1. Hadean 2. Archean 3. Proterozoic  1. HADEAN represents the earliest period in Earth's history, starting from the planet's formation. 2. ARCHEAN Earth began to cool and stabilize, allowing life to emerge Formation of the First Continental crust and ocean CYANOBACTERIA Start of Photosynthesis 3. PROTEROZOIC was marked by significant biological and geological changes, including the buildup of oxygen and the rise of complex life. ERA Subdivisions of a phanerozoic eon, division that span time periods of tens to hundreds of millions of years. Subdivided into three: 1. Paleozoic 2. Mesozoic 3. Cenozoic 1. PALEOZOIC “ancient” or “old life” invertebrates organisms emerged PERIOD Subdivisions of an era, with spans of no more than 100 million of years. Sponges Trilobites Cooksonia Jawless armored fish Corals and Cooksoni fish a Primitive Plants Lobe-finned fish Carboniferous Forest First amphibians 2. MESOZOIC “middle life” “era of dinosaurs” “age of reptiles” 3. CENOZOIC “recent life” 65 million years up to present. “age of mammals” 3.1. Tertiary Period Earth’s climate was generally warm and humid Many mammals increased in size Mammals called primates evolved, including human ancestors Modern rain forest and grasslands appeared Flowering plants and insects were numerous and widespread. 3.2. Quaternary Period Earth’s climate cooled, leading to a series of ice ages. This created land bridges between continents, allowing land animals to move to new areas. Some mammals, like the wooly mammoths shown here, adapted to the cold by evolving very large size and thick fur.  EPOCH Smallest division of the geologic time scale.  Happy Learning!