General Chemistry 1 Week 2 Quarter 1 PDF

General Chemistry 1 Week 2 Quarter 1  Recognize common isotopes and their uses Represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural formulas and models Most Name compounds given their...

General Chemistry 1 Week 2 Quarter 1  Recognize common isotopes and their uses Represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural formulas and models Most Name compounds given their Essential formula and write formula given Learning the name of the compound Competencies The Atom  Proton – positively-charged Nucleus – subparticle central core of the atom that Neutron – neutral houses the subparticle; no protons and charge neutrons Electron – negatively-charged subparticle John Dalton’s Atomic Theory Matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called the ATOM. An element is composed of only one kind of atom.  Atomic Number, Atomic Mass, and Mass Number Atomic Number Indicates the number of protons Atomic Mass Indicates the combined masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons Mass Number It indicates the number of protons and neutrons inside the atom. It is the rounded-off value of the atomic mass. Therefore, the mass number of Oxygen is 16. Isotopes Isotopes ❑The word isotope was derived from Greek words isos and topos which means “the same place”. ❑Isotopes are atoms of the same element having different mass numbers (different number of neutrons) Isotopes of hydrogen Atomic number Number of Mass number (number of neutrons (protons + protons) neutrons) Protium 1 0 1+0=1 Deuterium 1 1 1+1=2 Tritium 1 2 1+2=3  Atomic number Number of Mass number Isotopes (number of neutrons (protons + protons) neutrons) Cobalt-60 27 33 60 Uranium-235 92 143 235 Americium-241 95 146 241 Lead-214 82 132 214 Iodine-131 53 78 131 Bromine-82 35 47 82 Berrylium-7 4 3 7 Uses of Common Isotopes Used in radiation Used to study Used in molecular Used to help the therapy to metabolism imaging of doctor diagnose prevent cancer changes in biological and certain types of patients with biochemical cancer diabetes, gout and processes anemia Isotopes can be written in two different ways. They can be written using their symbol with the mass number (to the upper left) and atomic number (to the lower left) or the isotope name is written with a dash and the mass number...\..\..\2022-2023\POWERPOINT LESSON, WORKSHEETS, WHLP\1st Quarter\Worksheets\MajorUsesofRa dioisotopes_IDPH_Rad_Health.pdf Chemical Formulas  Dalton’s Atomic Theory Molecules are During a chemical composed of atoms of reaction , atoms more than one combine, separate, element, combined in or rearrange. No definite ratios with atoms are whole number values created and no atoms disappear. Atom + Atom = Molecule Element + Element = Compound  Chemical Formula A chemical formula provides two important pieces of information: the elements that make up the compound (element symbols) the number of atoms of each element that are present in a compound (numerical subscripts) C12H22O11 (table sugar) Element Symbol Subscript In deciding on how to write the chemical formula or name of a compound, identify first whether the compound is ionic or covalent. Ionic Compound – composed of a cation and an anion. The cation is usually a metal and the anion is a nonmental. Ionic compounds are formed by electron transfer from the cation to the anion. Cation – Positively-charged specie. It is formed when an atom loses electron(s) Anion – Negatively-charged specie. It is formed when an atom gains electron(s). Writing the Chemical Formula of an Ionic Compound (monoatomic ions) + 𝑁𝑎 + − 𝐶𝑙 → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 (Binary Ionic) + 2𝑁𝑎 + 𝑆 2− → 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆 (Binary Ionic) 2+ 𝐶𝑎 + 2− 𝑆 → 𝐶𝑎𝑆 (Binary Ionic) Writing the Chemical Formula of an Ionic Compound (polyatomic ions) 2+ 2− 𝑀𝑔 +𝑆𝑂4 → 𝑀𝑔𝑆𝑂4 (Tertiary Ionic) 3+ − 𝐴𝑙 + 3𝑁𝑂3 → 𝐴𝑙(𝑁𝑂3 )3 (Tertiary Ionic) − 2− 2𝑁𝐻4 + 𝐶𝑂3 → (𝑁𝐻4 )2 𝐶𝑂3 (Quaternary Ionic) Covalent Compound – composed of two or more nonmetals. Covalent compounds are formed by electron pair sharing. Number of Prefix Atoms Covalent compounds 1 mono are named and written 2 di using a prefix system to 3 tri denote the number of 4 tetra atoms. 5 penta 6 hexa Examples: 7 hepta Dinitrogen Monoxide (N2O) 8 octa Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 9 nona Sulfur Trichloride (SCl3) 10 deca Writing the Chemical Formula of a Covalent Compound Dinitrogen Tetroxide 𝑁2 𝑂4 𝑁2 𝑂4 (Binary Covalent) Phosphorous Pentachloride 𝑃 𝐶𝑙5 𝑃𝐶𝑙5 (Binary Covalent) Disulfur Dihydride 𝑆2 𝐻2 𝑆2 𝐻2 (Binary Covalent)  CHEMICAL NAME CHEMICAL FORMULA Hydrochloric acid H2CO3 Sulfuric acid Ca(OH)2 EXERCISES Nitric acid CH4 Carbonic acid Al2O3 Calcium hydroxide HCl Methane C12H22O11 Aluminum oxide HNO3 Sucrose CH3CH2OH Ethanol H2SO4 Structural Formula A structural formula is a graphic representation of the molecular structure of a compound, showing how the atoms are possibly arranged in the real three-dimensional space. The chemical bonding within the molecule is also shown, either explicitly or implicitly.  Do You Know? Each hydrogen atom in your body is likely 13.5 billion years old as they were created at the birth of the universe.