W18 Renal System PDF

**[W18. Renal system]** **Learning objectives** - Understand and explain briefly the organs and function of the urinary system - Understand and explain in detail the anatomy of kidney including location, internal and external structure, the blood and nerve supply and the function...

**[W18. Renal system]** **Learning objectives** - Understand and explain briefly the organs and function of the urinary system - Understand and explain in detail the anatomy of kidney including location, internal and external structure, the blood and nerve supply and the function of the kidney - Understand and describe in detail the structure of the nephron and the organization of its blood supply including its function - Understand and explain in detail the renal physiology including mechanism of urine formation, glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion and hormonal regulation and homeostasis **[1. Urinary system]** - Are paired, bean-shaped organs - Located along the back body wall below the diaphragm and adjacent to the vertebral column - **Right kidney = lower than the left because liver occupies larger area above the kidney on the right side**  **Collecting duct:** long & twisted tube that collect urine from nephron and moves it into renal pelvis and ureters **Minor calyx:** receive urine from collecting duct -\> **major calyx** -\> **Renal pelvis** 뇌, 텍스트이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 **[2. Blood and Nerve supply]** - Renal arteries deliver \~1200ml of cardiac output to the kidneys each minute - Arterial flow into and venous flow out of the kidneys follow similar paths - Nerve supply is via sympathetic fibers from the renal plexus -  텍스트, 스크린샷, 폰트, 라인이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명  **[3. Functions of the kidney]** - Removal of toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions from the blood - Regulation of blood volume, chemical composition, and pH - **Gluconeogenesis** during prolonged fasting - Endocrine functions - Renin: regulation of blood pressure and kidney function - Erythropoietin: regulation of RBC production - Activation of vitamin D 텍스트, 도표, 스크린샷이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 **[4. Nephron]** - Structural and functional units that form urine - \~1 million per kidney - Each nephron consists - Renal corpuscle: an initial filtering component - Renal tubule: extends from the renal corpuscle - Cortical nephrons make up about 80-85% of the 1 million microscopic nephrons - Their renal corpuscles are located in the outer portion of the cortex, with short loops of Henle that penetrate only a small way into the medulla - The ascending limbs of their loops of Henle consist of only a thick segment, lacking any thin portions - Nephrons with short loops receive their blood supply from peritubular capillaries that arise from different arterioles - Other 15-20% of the nephrons are juxtamedullary nephrons  텍스트이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명