Genetic Engineering Techniques PDF

1. Enhanced Nutritional Content: Biofortification Genetic engineering is employed to enhance the nutritional content of crops. Golden Rice which is genetically modified to produce beta-carotene. 2. Improved Crop Yield Recombinant DNA technology has...

1. Enhanced Nutritional Content: Biofortification Genetic engineering is employed to enhance the nutritional content of crops. Golden Rice which is genetically modified to produce beta-carotene. 2. Improved Crop Yield Recombinant DNA technology has enabled the development of genetically modified (GM) crops that produce higher yields. 3. Genetically Engineered Traits Herbicide Resistance Certain crops have been engineered to be resistant to specific herbicides, allowing for effective weed control without harming the crop. 3. Genetically Engineered Traits Pest and Disease Resistance: GM crops can be engineered to resist pests and diseases, reducing the need for pesticides and herbicides. BT Eggplant genetically modified variety engineered with a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis to resist damage from the fruit and shoot borer pest. Virus Resistance Plants can be modified to resist viral infections, reducing the need for chemical pesticides and increasing crop yield and quality.  Papaya Ringspot Virus- resistant Papaya Tolerance to Environmental Stresses GM crops can be developed to withstand environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures. Biopharmaceuticals: Insulin Recombinant DNA technology has enabled the production of human insulin in bacteria, yeast, or mammalian cells. This has replaced the traditional extraction of insulin from animal pancreases, ensuring a more abundant and safer supply. Vaccine Development: Subunit Vaccines Recombinant technology is used to produce subunit vaccines, which contain only the specific antigens needed to stimulate an immune response. This allows for safer and more precise vaccine development. Scientists have genetically modified bananas to express a specific protein from a pathogen (such as the hepatitis B virus or the Norovirus), which is a key antigen needed to stimulate an immune response. Gene Therapy: Treatment of Genetic Disorders Recombinant DNA is employed in gene therapy to treat genetic disorders by introducing functional genes into a patient's cells, correcting or compensating for the genetic defect. Production of Therapeutic Proteins: Monoclonal Antibodies Monoclonal antibodies, vital for various medical treatments, are produced using recombinant DNA technology. These antibodies can be designed to target specific diseases, such as cancer. Enzyme Production: Industrial Enzymes Recombinant DNA technology is used to produce enzymes with specific industrial applications, such as the production of detergents, textiles, and biofuels. Bioremediation: Environmental Cleanup Engineered microorganisms can be used for bioremediation, breaking down pollutants in soil and water. This technology has applications in cleaning up oil spills, heavy metal contamination, and other environmental hazards. Pharmaceutical Production: Recombinant Protein Drugs The pharmaceutical industry utilizes recombinant DNA technology to produce therapeutic proteins and drugs, including hormones and clotting factors. Diagnostic Tools: Biosensors Recombinant DNA technology is employed in the development of biosensors for the detection of various substances, aiding in medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. BIOSENSORS Production of Bioplastic Recombinant DNA technology is used to produce bioplastics from renewable resources, such as plant-based materials. Bioplastics are biodegradable and offer an eco-friendly alternative to traditional plastics.