W1-4, L1-6, Summary PDF

**CILO:** 1. 2. 3. L1: Intro to OHI History of OH: Definition & Principles: Def: 1. 2. 3.  Transdisciplinary approach: Collaboration, coordination, communication - - - Transformative outcomes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. One Health Professionals utilise -...

**CILO:** 1. 2. 3. L1: Intro to OHI History of OH: Definition & Principles: Def: 1. 2. 3.  Transdisciplinary approach: Collaboration, coordination, communication - - - Transformative outcomes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. One Health Professionals utilise - - - Global Context  Food systems  L2: Intro to OHII **Food safety**: assurance that food will not harm consumer when prepared/ eaten **Food** **security**: production of sufficient food, prevent undernutrition in human population **Food** **quality**: production of nutritious food, acceptable to consumers Food Safety/ Security/ Quality Diseases (Health & Welfare)  Animal Disease Control & Prevention  Companion Animals: Domesticated/ Domestic bred animals whose physical, emotional, behavioural & social needs can be readily met as companions in homes/ in close daily relationship with humans Human Behaviour  Sustainability, Biodiversity & Environmental Health Role of Modern Zoos 1. 2. 3. 4. Role of National Parks - Systems thinking & system complexity: System complexity dynamics → emergent properties difficult to predict without modelling underlying systems - Sustainable Development Goals → essential for future survival of life in current form on Earth  L3: Wild & Stray Animal Management 6 common species of wild & stray animals in HK & their diseases 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.  Feral Pigeon Management - 1st Aug 2024: Wild Animal Protection Ordinance - - Other AFCD efforts 1. 2. 3. L4: Emerging Infectious Diseases **Pathogens**- microorganisms that can cause disease upon colonisation of the host **Infection**- invasion & multiplication of pathogens in an individual/ population **Host-** an individual (/cell) susceptible of being infected by pathoge **Environment**- surroundings/ conditions where an organism lives / operates **Disease**- a disorder of structure/ function in the host which adversely impacts the host (not just physical injury) **Infectious Disease**- disease caused by pathogens **Communicable Disease-** contagious disease that can be spread directly/ indirectly from one animal to another **Zoonosis**- pathogen shared by & can be trasmissed between both humans & non human animals(Zoon- animal, Noso- disease)  - -  Pathogens become a problem when they threat - - - - - - **Emerging Infectious disease**- disease newly recognised/ newly evolved/ occured previously but show increase in incidence/ expansion in geographical, host/ vector range **Re-emerging disease**- disease appearing after eradication/ on significant decline - - - - - -  Interspecies interactions & spillovers **Spillover**: Pathogen transmission from a reservoir to a novel species produces disease - - **Species intro→ Virus intro → Local extinctions → Population reduces** E.g. SARs- CoV2 Horseshoe bat -- Pangolin → Human at market in china - - Canine Distemper in Africa Wild Dogs → Infection → Interaction with wild Hyenas → Transmission to lions(30% of Serengeti pop) Impacts of spillovers on the ecosystem: Beyond impacts on ecosystem:  **Biosecurity**: implementation of measure to prevent/ restrict the spread of a pathogen **Immunisation:** process through which the body develops a memory of the immunity system in response to the next external aggression  Drivers of diseases - - - - **Civilisations raised as bi-drectional adaptation (mutually benefiting)** **of humans & the environment** - - L5: Intro to sys thinking **System:** A set of **elements** coherently organised & **interconnected** in a pattern/ structure producing a characteristic set of behaviours, classified as its **function/ purpose**  Dynamics of the system:- **Stocks:** accumulation of elements perceived within the system **Flow:** the change of stocks over time **Feedback loops**: flow from one element (A) to another (B) promotes a change in the latter's condition - - - - -  Understanding a systems behaviour can be down by observing patterns of repeating events within the sys - **Leverage Points:** The element(s) of the system where small changes (interventions) can produce huge changes - **Threat of uncertainty**: due to our perception of the system based on- - - - **Threat of uncertainty reduced by transdisciplinary approach by asking individuals within the system** L6: Intro to foresight **Foresight:** application of 'futures thinking' methods Tool: Futures Wheel - 1. 2. 3. T2: Glossary +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **One Health** | Integrated, unifying approach | | | that aims to sustainably balance | | | & optimise the health of people, | | | animals & ecosystems. | | | | | | - | +===================================+===================================+ | **Sustainability** | The ability to be maintained at a | | | certain rate/ level | | | | | | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Ecosystem** | Fundamental concept appropriate | | | to the biome (all the living | | | things living in a certain area/ | | | region) considered together with | | | all the effective inorganic | | | factors of its environment | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Equity, equality & | Equality: all people with equal | | inclusivity** | rights & opportunities | | | | | | Equity: providing the means- | | | often varied for people to move | | | towards equal outcomes | | | | | | Inclusivity: making everyone feel | | | welcome & valued | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Development** | A specified state of growth/ | | | advancement, an event | | | constituting a new stage in a | | | changing situation | | | | | | Human development: | | | | | | Expanding the richness of human | | | life rather than simply the | | | richness of the economy, focus on | | | people & their opportunities & | | | choices | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Multidisciplinary approach** | Multiple disciplines working on a | | | common topic but within their | | | boundaries | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Interdisciplinary approach** | Integrates knowledge & methods | | | from different disciplines | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Transdisciplinary approach** | Transcends traditional | | | disciplinary perspectives to form | | | a new conceptual framework | | | | | | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Critical thinking** | Evaluation of existing | | | information with objective | | | assessment of ideas & arguments | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Critical reflexivity** | Evaluation of own assumptions, | | | beliefs & values | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+