VS Microbiology Lecture 2 PDF

Chlamydia- 3 types (ABC, D-K, & L2-L3) - Obligate intracellular pathogen - Grows inside host - Rigid cell wall, no peptidoglycan - Gram (-) bacteria without muramic acid - Replication: when extracellular and spore like element body enters the epithelial cells...

Chlamydia- 3 types (ABC, D-K, & L2-L3) - Obligate intracellular pathogen - Grows inside host - Rigid cell wall, no peptidoglycan - Gram (-) bacteria without muramic acid - Replication: when extracellular and spore like element body enters the epithelial cells - body transformed into metabolically active reticulate body→ goes through binary fission Inclusion body appears in replication that are useful in diagnosing chlamydia. - Epithelia cells lyse to infect other cells - Chlamydia group specific lipopolysaccharide antigen→ can be detected by complement fixation and species-specific and immunotype-specific antigens —> can be detected by immunofluorescence - Chlamydia inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion, favor pathogens to survive in cell Chlamydia A,B,C serotype Chlamydia D-K serotype Chlamydia L2-L3 serotype -Transmitted from finger to - effects genital, may affect - cause: lymphogranuloma eye eyes and respiratory tract venereum (lesions on -Dry and hot region -sexually transmitted/ via birth genitals and inflammation on -Leading cause of blindness - higher chance of reiter’s lymph node) in these region syndrome (arthiris, urethritis, - Acquired by sexual contact -infects epithelial cell uveitis) Not invasive disseminate -infection leads to antibody (spreading) disease Transmission & production which isn't - Inflammation in Epidemiology: protective Conjuctiva - Asymptomatic are important reservoirs -co-infected with both C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea in approximately 10- 30% of the cases Lab: Nucleic Acid Lab: Nucleic Acid Lab: Nucleic Acid Amplification Amplification Amplification Med: Azithromycin Med: Azithromycin Med: Azithromycin - No vaccination - Erythromycin to newborns to prevent conjunctivitis & pneumonitis  - In men, it is a common cause for non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) which may progress to epididymitis and prostatitis -Women develop cervicitis which can then lead to salpingitis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - Repeated episodes of salpingitis or PID may lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancies. - Infants born to infected mothers often develop mucopurulent conjunctivitis or neonatal conjunctivitis, 7-12 days after 6 delivery, and some develop Chlamydial pneumonitis 2-12 weeks after birth. Rickettsia Rocky mountain spotted fever & Q fever- in USA - Caused by Rickettsia Rickettsii - Epidemic typhus (R. prowazeki)- uncommon in USA - Endemic typhus (R. typhi)- uncommon in USA Rickettsia Rickettsii - Resembles gram (-), need host - Infect endothelial cell - Obligate intracellular pathogens - Simple binary fission: pathogens can escape the phagosomal and multiply in cytoplasm - Transmission→ ticks (dermacentor variabilis) 1000 cases/ yr Ticks - Cause rash, edema, hemorrhage due to vascular permeability  - Sever: intravascular coagulation and vascular collapse mediated by endotoxins - Transovarian (transmit from parent to offspring), continuously maintained in ticks —> tick bite - 2-6 days after infection, local lesion and bacteria enters circulation Infects endothelial causing redness, edema, swelling Lesion appears in wrists, ankles, palms and spreads to trunk Symptoms: non- specific such as fever, headache, myalgias - Advances to coma and delirium - Severe: intravascular coagulation and vascular collapse Common in east coast in spring and summer. Dogs may have ticks - Rocky mountain fever accounts for 95% of rikettisial disease Lab: Should be grown in vitro in cell culture but isnt due to safety - Weil Felix test is an agglutination reaction in which serum from patients infected with rickettsia cross react withProteus vulgaris Treatment: Doxycycline Prevention: No vaccine, treat pets w/ DDT - Rocky mountain fever is transmitted Dermacentor variabilis and it requires prolonged contact with the human skin to transmit the disease Rickettsia Prowazekii: Epidemic typhus Rickettsia typhi: Endemic typhus - Transmission: lice (pediculus) - Transmission: infected mice and - Gram (-) infects people via rat flea - Infects endothelial - Remains in rat fleas - Simple binary fission - Considered as select agent - Via lack of hygiene How bacteria transfer: How bacteria transfer: When lice bites pt w/ bacteria, the bacteria When bitten by rat flea, the bacteria multiples multiplies inside the gut epithelium of lice. in human endothelial cells Lice transfers to others when they bite uninfected pt The lesion appears in the trunk and then spreads to legs and hands… The lesion appears in the trunk and then spreads to legs and hands… Symptoms milder than Epidemic typhus Pt experience delirium and coma  - Untreated will be vascular collapse Typhus is common in Africa and south america Recurrent called Brill Zinsser (common in elderly) —> less severe and shorter duration Treatment: Doxycyline Treatment: Doxycyline Prevention: hygiene Prevention: hygiene & vector/flea control Lab: Serological test Lab: Serological test