Veterinary Hematology ANVS3211 Fall 2024 SQU PDF

Veterinary Hematology ANVS3211 Fall 2024 SQU Dr. Elshafie Ibrahim Elshafie Course Dr. Elshafie Ibrahim Elshafie Instructor : Time and Place: Lecture: Sunday 10:00-11:50am (A06) Lab: Thursday 10:00-11:50am (AGR/0070) Office hours:...

Veterinary Hematology ANVS3211 Fall 2024 SQU Dr. Elshafie Ibrahim Elshafie Course Dr. Elshafie Ibrahim Elshafie Instructor : Time and Place: Lecture: Sunday 10:00-11:50am (A06) Lab: Thursday 10:00-11:50am (AGR/0070) Office hours: Monday 10:00-12:00pm Office: 138 (first floor) Telephone: 24141232 Email: [email protected] 2 Course description: Fundamental knowledge of veterinary hematology to undergraduate veterinary technology students. Manual and automated test of hematology techniques are used in the study of blood and other body cells and fluids. Blood tests are used by the clinician for screening the health status of an animal or in making a diagnosis of a disease condition. Quality control of laboratory procedures is essential to ensure that test results reflect the true status of the patient. 3 Course Contents Introduction to hematology Importance of blood in a body and its functions. Various components of the blood and types of cells present in it. Types of blood samples used for analysis in veterinary clinical hematology Morphology of erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes and differences in various animals species Various types of stains used in veterinary clinical hematology Total and differential WBC and erythrocyte counts Importance of Packed Cell Volume and Hemoglobin estimation in laboratory evaluation of veterinary patients Hematological disorders Blood Transfusion 4 Course learning outcomes: Importance of clinical hematology in veterinary medicine Composition of animal blood and laboratory instruments Types of samples used in veterinary clinical laboratory and their uses for different clinical tests Techniques, procedures and sites used to collect blood samples in various animal species. Rationale and procedures to perform microscopic examination of blood, differential and total cell count, evaluate morphology of blood cells and calculating the absolute values. Importance of Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hgb) estimation and identity the role of these tests in diagnosis of various animal health problems 5 Reference books 6 Mark Scheme The final course grade will be weighted on the following scheme Practical exam & assignments 20% 2 mid-semester exam 40% Final exam 40% Total 100% 7 Important Dates Item Date Midterm examination 1 Week 7 Midterm examination 2 Week 14 Lab examination Week 15 Assignment: submission deadline Week 13 Lab report deadline Week 15 8 Hematology Hem or Haem – Blood & tology – Study of Study of blood and tissues that form, store, or circulate blood cells Very useful branch of diagnostic pathology as blood baths all other cells in body – supply oxygen, provide nutrients, carry waste etc. Hematology, clinical chemistry, parasitology, histopathology, urinalysis, cytology, all provide useful information to clinician for diagnosis 9 How this course is link to Veterinary Technology? Take samples of body fluids Prepare patients for sampling & help with other sample collection Supervise sample dispatch Make and stain blood smears Examine blood smears, faeces and urine Run clinical chemistry tests Veterinary laboratory diagnostics = Clinical Pathology 10 Clinical Pathology Sub-disciplines  Haematology (Hematology)  Urinalysis (Urology)  Clinical Chemistry (includes Enzymology)  Cytology  Coprology 11 Hematology  Study of the cells in the blood  Description  Classification  Enumeration  Red and White blood cells  Blood Platelets  Blood banking 12 Haemostasis  is a process to prevent and stop bleeding, meaning to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel (the opposite of hemostasis is hemorrhage).  blood platelets  blood coagulation (clotting) 13 Urinalysis  Examination of urine  Organoleptic  Physical  Chemical  Sediment cytology 14 Clinical Chemistry  Study, analysis and interpretation of Chemical constituents (including enzymes) of  Blood  Other body fluids 15 Cytology  Study of the cells of the body  Usually obtained from  Lumps  Body fluids  Body cavities 16 Coprology  Study of faeces  Organoleptic  Chemical  Microscopic 17 18 Disease Diagnosis 19 20 Unhappy Animal & Client 21 Uses of Hematology:  Important indicator of many diseases  Vital for making diagnoses  Generally not very expensive  Easier to collect  General health screening  Definitive diagnosis  Evaluate with other available information  Monitor progress of disease or treatment  Serial Sampling for Immunological studies 22 Laboratory management  Sample /Specimen collection - Sampling sites, conditions, problems - Sampling method, collection tubes  Specimen storage & dispatch - Separation, temperature, packaging  Quality assurance  Equipment & Instruments 23 24 Limitations of Laboratory Findings Potential problems : collection and handling of the sample should not be subjected to traumatic physical forces Extreme temperatures of heating or freezing avoid contaminating the sample with foreign material 25 Quality control: results reflect the patient’s status and not a difference in machines, technicians, or techniques. Clinical laboratories should establish reference values for any manual or automated test procedure performed in the clinic At a minimum, tests on several known normal or control samples should be run for each procedure by each technician who will be performing the tests. Paired samples, half sent to an outside source and half run in-house for comparison variation in skill levels, accuracy, and care of the technician, especially in manual procedures measurements should be done on a blind basis 26 Laboratory Safety: Zoonotic diseases All biological samples, whether blood or other body tissues and fluids, should be handled as if potentially infectious Routine handwashing and disinfection of glassware There should be no drinking, eating or other hand-to-mouth activities, nor any storage of food or beverages in the laboratory area. A laboratory coat should be worn at all times Laboratory gloves should be worn whenever potentially infectious samples are being handled All disposable pointed or cutting instruments (e.g., needles and scalpel blades) should be placed in an appropriate container 27 What is the major function of the hematology laboratory? Compare the benefits and limitations of the hematology laboratory. 28