Vocabulary Terms PDF

**VOCABULARY TERMS (Part 1)** 1\. **affliction** -- state of pain, distress, or grief Sample Sentence: We must not abandon our brothers and sisters in the time of their affliction. **Synonyms**: suffering, agony, pain, distress **Antonyms**: comfort, relief, happiness 2\. **appease** -- to ease...

**VOCABULARY TERMS (Part 1)** 1\. **affliction** -- state of pain, distress, or grief Sample Sentence: We must not abandon our brothers and sisters in the time of their affliction. **Synonyms**: suffering, agony, pain, distress **Antonyms**: comfort, relief, happiness 2\. **appease** -- to ease, to calm, to satisfy Sample Sentence: To appease the angry passengers due to a 5-hour flight delay, the airline gave them free meals. Synonyms: calm, soothe, pacify, placate Antonyms: aggravate, provoke, irritate 3\. **belligerent** -- angry and aggressive; feeling or showing readiness to fight Sample Sentence: I don't like the belligerent tone of his speech. **Synonyms**: hostile, aggressive, combative, antagonistic **Antonyms**: peaceful, friendly, calm, cooperative 4\. **bias** -- the action of supporting/opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way Sample Sentence: Good judges must be objective about their decisions and must uphold the law without bias. **Synonyms**: prejudice, favoritism, partiality, inclination **Antonyms**: objectivity, fairness, impartiality 5\. **cajole** -- to persuade someone to do something or to give you something by making promises or saying nice things Sample Sentence: Anna, the favorite daughter in the family, cajoled her father to buy her a new computer. **Synonyms**: persuade, coax, sweet-talk, lure **Antonyms**: discourage, dissuade, repel 6\. **coerce** -- to force someone to do something by threat, intimidation, or authority Sample Sentence: He was just coerced to sign the document, so the court did not honor the document as evidence. **Synonyms**: force, pressure, intimidate, compel **Antonyms**: persuade, encourage, allow 7\. **contradiction** -- a disagreement between two things which means that both cannot be true; inconsistency Sample Sentence: How can anybody believe him? His statements are full of contradictions. **Synonyms**: inconsistency, paradox, contradiction, denial **Antonyms**: agreement, consistency, harmony 8\. **confidante** -- somebody entrusted with secrets Sample Sentence: Jean is my only confidante. She is the only one who understands my problems. **Synonyms**: trusted friend, companion, confidant, advisor **Antonyms**: stranger, adversary, opponent 9\. **demure** -- shy, modest, reserved Sample Sentence: She was not chosen by the panel because she was so demure during the interview. She didn't look confident. **Synonyms**: shy, modest, reserved, humble **Antonyms**: bold, confident, outgoing 10\. **debris** -- the remains of something broken or destroyed; rubble, ruins Sample Sentence: After the earthquake, two cars were hit by falling debris from a 21-story building. **Synonyms**: rubble, remains, wreckage, fragments **Antonyms**: whole, intact, complete 11\. **delusion** -- belief in something that is not true Sample Sentence: I think you are living in a delusion that you are better than everyone else. **Synonyms**: misconception, illusion, fallacy, fantasy **Antonyms**: reality, truth, fact 12\. **diligent** -- hardworking; constant in effort to accomplish something Sample Sentence: That student is very diligent. He always submits his homework on time and does extra work. **Synonyms**: hardworking, industrious, persistent, assiduous **Antonyms**: lazy, careless, negligent 13\. **drought** -- a long period of dry weather Sample Sentence: Many crops were damaged because of the 5-month drought. **Synonyms**: dryness, aridity, dearth, shortage **Antonyms**: flood, abundance, rainfall 14\. **elicit** -- to draw or bring out, to get or produce something (especially information) Sample Sentence: If you ask questions, you will surely elicit answers. **Synonyms**: extract, draw out, evoke, induce **Antonyms**: suppress, withhold, hide 15\. **erudite** -- characterized by great knowledge; learned or scholarly Sample Sentence: After one audience asked an interesting question, the speaker gave a 10-minute erudite lecture about it. **Synonyms**: knowledgeable, learned, scholarly, intelligent **Antonyms**: ignorant, uneducated, uninformed 16\. **fabricate** -- to make or build; to fake or forge Sample Sentence: The parts of many products are fabricated in first world countries but they are usually assembled in developing countries. They try to fabricate a story in order to sell their magazine. **Synonyms**: invent, forge, falsify, manufacture **Antonyms**: tell the truth, authenticate, verify 17\. **gullible** -- too willing to believe everything that other people say; easy to deceive or trick Sample Sentence: I think the voters now are wiser. Unlike before, many people are so gullible that they believe almost every promise of any politician. **Synonyms**: naive, trusting, credulous, innocent **Antonyms**: skeptical, suspicious, discerning 18\. **harangue** -- a scolding or a long verbal attack; a long and passionate speech Sample Sentence: He delivered his speech in a harangue: full of passion, vehemence, and discourse. **Synonyms**: tirade, rant, lecture, diatribe **Antonyms**: praise, compliment, flattery 19\. **haughty** -- proud, snobbish, arrogant Sample Sentence: His haughty attitude makes everyone hate him. **Synonyms**: arrogant, proud, conceited, supercilious **Antonyms**: humble, modest, unassuming 20\. **illicit** -- not legally authorized; not allowed Sample Sentence: A teacher and student relationship in the same school is an illicit affair. **Synonyms**: illegal, unlawful, prohibited, forbidden **Antonyms**: legal, lawful, authorized, permissible 21\. **incompatible** -- not to be able to exist together without conflict; not able to be used together Sample Sentence: Many stories tell how incompatible a prince and a pauper are, but who cares about status anyway? **Synonyms**: incompatible, conflicting, mismatched, unsuitable **Antonyms**: compatible, harmonious, agreeable 22\. **jubilant** -- showing great happiness, joy, or triumph Sample Sentence: The jubilant coach ran around and shouted loudly after his team won the championship game. **Synonyms**: joyful, delighted, ecstatic, elated **Antonyms**: sorrowful, despondent, miserable 23\. **juxtapose** -- to put things that are not similar next to each other Sample Sentence: The exhibit juxtaposed M.C. Escher's earlier artworks and his later masterpieces. **Synonyms**: compare, contrast, place side by side **Antonyms**: separate, divide, isolate 24\. **maxim** -- a short statement about a general truth; a saying Sample Sentence: It is a common maxim that \"a book should not be judged by its cover.\" **Synonyms**: proverb, saying, adage, aphorism **Antonyms**: contradiction, falsehood, myth 25\. **mediocre** -- ordinary, of moderate quality Sample Sentence: In our country, there are many blockbuster movies whose quality is less than mediocre. **Synonyms**: average, ordinary, uninspiring, run-of-the-mill **Antonyms**: exceptional, outstanding, superb 26\. **nadir** -- lowest point of something Sample Sentence: The nadir of his career was the time when he was caught having an affair with his cousin. **Synonyms**: bottom, low point, depth, rock-bottom **Antonyms**: peak, zenith, high point 27\. **novice** -- a person who has just started doing something Sample Sentence: For novice boxers, head gears are needed. **Synonyms**: beginner, newcomer, rookie, learner **Antonyms**: expert, veteran, master 28\. **nuisance** -- someone or something that is annoying Sample Sentence: In my country, when you do not have money and you run for elections, they call you a nuisance candidate. **Synonyms**: annoyance, irritation, bother, pest **Antonyms**: blessing, aid, benefit, help 29\. **odyssey** -- a long journey which is usually marked by notable experiences, adventures, and hardships Sample Sentence: Billy Beane has indeed had an exciting odyssey before he became a well-known baseball manager. **Synonyms**: journey, adventure, quest, pilgrimage **Antonyms**: stagnation, standstill, inaction 30\. **pacify** -- to bring or restore to a state of peace; to cause someone who is angry to be calm or quiet Sample Sentence: A charming airline attendant came out to pacify the crowd of people who were complaining about the delayed flight. **Synonyms**: calm, soothe, appease, settle **Antonyms**: provoke, enrage, irritate 31\. **parody** -- a piece of writing, music, etc. that imitates someone else in a funny or an amusing way Sample Sentence: The students made a parody of how their teacher teaches in a play. **Synonyms**: satire, spoof, caricature, imitation **Antonyms**: original, authentic, serious work 32\. **recant** -- to announce in public that the past beliefs or statements were wrong and that you do not agree with them anymore Sample Sentence: After too much pressure from the media, the politician was forced to recant his earlier statement about the proposed policy. **Synonyms**: retract, withdraw, revoke, rescind **Antonyms**: affirm, confirm, assert 33\. **resilient** -- recovering readily from illness, depression, etc. Sample Sentence: He was resilient enough to cope with the tragedy that happened to his family. **Synonyms**: tough, strong, durable, adaptable **Antonyms**: fragile, weak, vulnerable 34\. **substantiate** -- to establish proof or complete evidence Sample Sentence: There were many allegations of corruption against him, but no one was able to substantiate their claims. **Synonyms**: prove, validate, confirm, verify **Antonyms**: disprove, refute, contradict 35\. **submissive** -- obedient Sample Sentence: During the feudal times in Japan, the women were expected to be totally submissive to their husband. **Synonyms**: obedient, compliant, docile, deferential **Antonyms**: rebellious, defiant, disobedient 36\. **vehement** -- strongly emotional, passionate, zealous Sample Sentence: Despite the vehement protest of the employees, the company did not give in to increasing their salary or other benefits. **Synonyms**: passionate, intense, fervent, forceful **Antonyms**: indifferent, apathetic, dispassionate 37\. **vex** -- to make somebody feel annoyed or upset Sample Sentence: The fact that he doesn't say thank you when you help him really vexes me. **Synonyms**: annoy, irritate, anger, frustrate **Antonyms**: please, delight, soothe, calm 38\. **warrant** -- a document giving the police permission to make an arrest, search someone's property, etc. Sample Sentence: The police have a warrant for his arrest. **Synonyms**: authorization, sanction, permission, order **Antonyms**: prohibition, disallowance 39\. **zealous** -- showing strong support for a person, cause, or belief Sample Sentence: The young activist was zealous in her efforts to fight for climate change policies. **Synonyms**: passionate, fervent, enthusiastic, devoted **Antonyms**: indifferent, apathetic, disinterested 40\. **zenith** -- the highest point or peak of something Sample Sentence: After years of hard work, the athlete reached the zenith of her career when she won the gold medal. **Synonyms**: peak, summit, apex, climax **Antonyms**: nadir, bottom, low point **VOCABULARY TERMS (Part 2)** 1\. By-law -- A rule made by a local authority or organization. Sample sentence: The town's by-law bans smoking in public parks.\* Synonyms: regulation, rule, ordinance Antonyms: (No direct antonym) 2\. Coarse -- Rough in texture or rude in behavior. Sample sentence: The fabric was too coarse for a soft dress.\* Synonyms: rough, crude, rude Antonyms: smooth, refined 3\. Damp -- Slightly wet. Sample sentence: The towel was still damp after washing.\* Synonyms: moist, humid, wet Antonyms: dry, arid 4\. Delude -- To trick or make someone believe something false. Sample sentence: He deluded himself into thinking he could win.\* Synonyms: deceive, mislead, fool Antonyms: enlighten, inform 5\. Doctrine -- A belief or set of beliefs taught by a group. Sample sentence: The church follows a strict doctrine.\* Synonyms: principle, belief, ideology Antonyms: disbelief, skepticism 6\. Eider -- A type of duck known for its soft feathers. Sample sentence: Eider down is used to make warm blankets.\* Synonyms: duck, waterfowl Antonyms: (No direct antonym) 7\. Fecund -- Able to produce a lot of offspring or crops. Sample sentence: The farmer's land was very fecund and grew healthy crops.\* Synonyms: fertile, productive, rich Antonyms: barren, infertile 8\. Filibuster -- A long speech used to delay a decision in government. Sample sentence: The senator used a filibuster to block the new law.\* Synonyms: delay, obstruction Antonyms: quick decision, approval 9\. Fleet -- A group of ships or vehicles. Sample sentence: The navy sent a fleet of warships.\* Synonyms: navy, armada, convoy Antonyms: (No direct antonym) 10\. Flax -- A plant used to make fabric and oil. Sample sentence: Flax is used to produce linen clothing.\* Synonyms: fiber plant, linseed Antonyms: (No direct antonym) 11\. Gerrymander -- To unfairly change voting districts for political advantage. Sample sentence: The party gerrymandered the districts to stay in power.\* Synonyms: manipulate, rig, reshape Antonyms: fair distribution, equalize 12\. Glee -- Great happiness or joy. Sample sentence: She danced with glee after hearing the good news.\* Synonyms: joy, delight, happiness Antonyms: sadness, sorrow 13\. Gloaming -- The time of day just after sunset. Sample sentence: They walked along the beach in the gloaming.\* Synonyms: twilight, dusk, evening Antonyms: dawn, morning 14\. Imagery -- Descriptive language that creates pictures in the mind. Sample sentence: The poem used beautiful imagery to describe the sunset.\* Synonyms: description, symbolism, illustration Antonyms: dullness, literalness 15\. Infertile -- Unable to produce offspring or crops. Sample sentence: The land became infertile due to lack of water.\* Synonyms: barren, unproductive, sterile Antonyms: fertile, fecund 16\. Insipid -- Lacking flavor or excitement. Sample sentence: The soup was insipid and needed more seasoning.\* Synonyms: bland, dull, tasteless Antonyms: flavorful, lively 17\. Jibe -- A rude remark meant to insult someone. Sample sentence: He made a cruel jibe about her dress.\* Synonyms: insult, taunt, mockery Antonyms: compliment, praise 18\. Jib -- A triangular sail on a boat. Sample sentence: The sailor adjusted the jib to catch the wind.\* Synonyms: sail, foresail Antonyms: (No direct antonym) 19\. Libel -- A false written statement that damages someone's reputation. Sample sentence: The newspaper was sued for libel.\* Synonyms: defamation, slander Antonyms: praise, truth 20\. Linen -- A type of fabric made from flax. Sample sentence: She wore a light linen dress in summer.\* Synonyms: fabric, textile Antonyms: synthetic, wool 21\. Marshal -- To organize people or things in order. Sample sentence: The teacher marshaled the students into a straight line.\* Synonyms: arrange, gather, lead Antonyms: scatter, disorganize 22\. Murky -- Dark, unclear, or hard to see through. Sample sentence: The water in the pond was murky.\* Synonyms: cloudy, dim, unclear Antonyms: clear, bright 23\. Nymph -- A mythical spirit of nature, often shown as a beautiful young woman. Sample sentence: In Greek mythology, nymphs lived in forests and rivers.\* Synonyms: fairy, sprite, maiden Antonyms: (No direct antonym) 24\. Obscene -- Offensive or shocking. Sample sentence: The comedian was criticized for his obscene jokes.\* Synonyms: vulgar, rude, inappropriate Antonyms: decent, proper 25\. Obstinate -- Stubborn and refusing to change. Sample sentence: The was too obstinate to admit she was wrong.\* Synonyms: stubborn, inflexible Antonyms: flexible, cooperative 26\. Obscure -- Not well known or hard to understand. Sample sentence: The meaning of the poem was obscure.\* Synonyms: unknown, unclear, hidden Antonyms: famous, clear 27\. Pragmatic -- Dealing with things in a practical way. Sample sentence: She took a pragmatic approach to solving the problem.\* Synonyms: realistic, sensible Antonyms: idealistic, impractical 28\. Quixotic -- Unrealistic and overly idealistic. Sample sentence: His plan to save the world was quixotic.\* Synonyms: impractical, dreamy Antonyms: practical, realistic 29\. Seraphim -- The highest order of angels in some religious beliefs. Sample sentence: The painting depicted seraphim with glowing wings.\* Synonyms: angel, celestial being Antonyms: demon, devil 30\. Smear -- To spread something messily. Sample sentence: She smeared butter on the toast.\* Synonyms: spread, stain Antonyms: clean, wipe 31\. Squash -- To crush or press something flat. Sample sentence: He accidentally squashed the bug.\* Synonyms: crush, flatten Antonyms: inflate, expand 32\. Stingy -- Unwilling to spend money or share. Sample sentence: He was too stingy to leave a tip.\* Synonyms: miserly, cheap, tightfisted Antonyms: generous, giving 33\. Turgid -- Swollen or overly complicated in writing. Sample sentence: His speech was turgid and hard to understand.\* Synonyms: swollen, pompous, bloated Antonyms: simple, deflated 34\. Vapid -- Boring and uninteresting. Sample sentence: The movie was so vapid that I fell asleep.\* Synonyms: dull, lifeless, bland Antonyms: exciting, lively 35\. Wed -- To marry someone. Sample sentence: They plan to wed next summer.\* Synonyms: marry, unite, tie the knot Antonyms: divorce, separate 36\. Zany -- Amusingly unconventional or eccentric. Sample sentence: The clown had a zany personality that made everyone laugh.\* Synonyms: quirky, comical, eccentric Antonyms: serious, conventional 37\. Sycophant -- A person who acts obsequiously toward someone important to gain advantage. Sample sentence: He was surrounded by sycophants who only praised his every move.\* Synonyms: flatterer, toady, yes-man Antonyms: independent, nonconformist 38\. Nefarious -- Wicked or criminal. Sample sentence: The villain's nefarious plan was soon foiled by the hero.\* Synonyms: evil, wicked, villainous Antonyms: good, virtuous 39\. Transitory -- Lasting for only a short time. Sample sentence: Their happiness was transitory, fading once the vacation ended.\* Synonyms: temporary, fleeting, short-lived Antonyms: permanent, lasting 40\. Obfuscate -- To deliberately make something unclear or difficult to understand. Sample sentence: The politician tried to obfuscate the truth with misleading statements. Synonyms: confuse, obscure, cloud Antonyms: clarify, explain **VOCABULARY TERMS (Part 3)** 1\. **Furtive** -- Done secretly to avoid being noticed. Sample sentence: He gave a furtive glance around before slipping the note into her bag. Synonyms: secretive, stealthy, sly, covert Antonyms: open, obvious, overt, blatant 2\. **Trenchant** -- Sharp, forceful, and clear in thought or expression. Sample sentence: Her trenchant remarks about the project left everyone speechless. Synonyms: incisive, cutting, forceful, sharp Antonyms: vague, weak, dull, ineffective 3\. **Animosity** -- Strong hostility or resentment. Sample sentence: The animosity between the two teams was evident during the match. Synonyms: hatred, hostility, resentment, antagonism Antonyms: friendship, goodwill, harmony, affection 4\. **Repugnant** -- Extremely unpleasant or offensive. Sample sentence: The idea of lying to his best friend was repugnant to him. Synonyms: disgusting, offensive, revolting, abhorrent Antonyms: pleasing, agreeable, attractive, acceptable 5\. **Dwindled** -- Gradually decreased in size, strength, or number. Sample sentence: Their savings dwindled after months of unemployment. Synonyms: decreased, shrank, diminished, declined Antonyms: increased, grew, expanded, escalated 6\. **Jeopardy** -- A situation of danger or risk. Sample sentence: His reckless driving put everyone\'s safety in jeopardy. Synonyms: danger, risk, peril, threat Antonyms: safety, security, protection, assurance 7\. **Quiescent** -- Inactive or at rest; not developing. Sample sentence: The disease remained quiescent for years before showing symptoms. Synonyms: inactive, dormant, still, motionless Antonyms: active, energetic, lively, dynamic 8\. **Acquiesced** -- Accepted something reluctantly but without protest. Sample sentence: She acquiesced to their demands, knowing she had no other choice. Synonyms: complied, agreed, consented, yielded Antonyms: resisted, refused, opposed, rejected 9\. **Pernicious** -- Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way. Sample sentence: The spread of misinformation on social media can have a pernicious impact on society. Synonyms: harmful, destructive, damaging, detrimental Antonyms: beneficial, harmless, helpful, constructive 10\. **Ubiquitous** -- Present everywhere at the same time. Sample sentence: Smartphones have become ubiquitous in modern society. Synonyms: omnipresent, universal, widespread, pervasive Antonyms: rare, scarce, uncommon, limited 11\. **Mollify** -- To calm or soothe someone\'s anger or anxiety. Sample sentence: He tried to mollify his upset friend by apologizing sincerely. Synonyms: appease, pacify, placate, soothe Antonyms: enrage, provoke, agitate, irritate 12\. **Capricious** -- Prone to sudden and unpredictable changes in mood or behavior. Sample sentence: The weather in the mountains is notoriously capricious. Synonyms: unpredictable, whimsical, erratic, impulsive Antonyms: consistent, steady, reliable, predictable 13\. **Surreptitious** -- Kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of. Sample sentence: She cast a surreptitious glance at her notes during the test. Synonyms: secretive, stealthy, covert, sneaky Antonyms: open, obvious, overt, blatant 14\. **Cognizant** -- Having knowledge or awareness of something. Sample sentence: She was fully cognizant of the risks but chose to proceed anyway. Synonyms: aware, conscious, informed, knowledgeable Antonyms: ignorant, unaware, oblivious, uninformed 15\. **Lethargic** -- Lacking energy or enthusiasm. Sample sentence: After staying up all night, he felt lethargic and unmotivated. Synonyms: sluggish, tired, drowsy, fatigued Antonyms: energetic, lively, active, alert 16\. **Superfluous** -- More than what is necessary; excessive. Sample sentence: His explanation was superfluous since everyone already understood the concept. Synonyms: excessive, unnecessary, redundant, extra Antonyms: essential, necessary, vital, required 17\. **Garrulous** -- Excessively talkative, especially about trivial matters. Sample sentence: The garrulous old man kept telling the same stories over and over. Synonyms: talkative, chatty, loquacious, verbose Antonyms: quiet, reserved, taciturn, concise 18\. **Obfuscate** -- To deliberately make something unclear or difficult to understand. Sample sentence: The politician tried to obfuscate the truth with vague statements. Synonyms: confuse, obscure, cloud, blur Antonyms: clarify, explain, simplify, elucidate 20\. **Sycophant** -- A person who flatters someone in power for personal gain. Sample sentence: The sycophant constantly complimented his boss to stay in his good graces. Synonyms: flatterer, bootlicker, yes-man, toady Antonyms: critic, rebel, independent thinker 21\. **Munificent** -- Extremely generous, especially with money or gifts. Sample sentence: The billionaire was known for his munificent donations to charities. Synonyms: generous, lavish, charitable, bountiful Antonyms: stingy, selfish, miserly, ungenerous 22\. **Vitriolic** -- Filled with bitter criticism or malice. Sample sentence: The debate quickly turned vitriolic as both sides began insulting each other. Synonyms: bitter, harsh, scathing, venomous Antonyms: kind, gentle, complimentary, constructive 23\. **Impetuous** -- Acting quickly without thought or care. Sample sentence: His impetuous decision to quit his job left him struggling financially. Synonyms: rash, impulsive, hasty, reckless Antonyms: cautious, careful, deliberate, thoughtful 24\. **Ostentatious** -- Displaying wealth or luxury in a way that is meant to attract attention. Sample sentence: He drove an ostentatious sports car to show off his wealth. Synonyms: showy, flashy, flamboyant, extravagant Antonyms: modest, simple, humble, understated