Vocab+Chpt+1+-+5 PDF

Unit 1 - Object-Oriented Programming software engineer - a person who designs, develops, and tests software for home, school, and business use class header - consists of the class keyword and the name of the class comment - a text note to explain or annotate the code and is ignored when...

Unit 1 - Object-Oriented Programming software engineer - a person who designs, develops, and tests software for home, school, and business use class header - consists of the class keyword and the name of the class comment - a text note to explain or annotate the code and is ignored when the program is run source code - a collection of programming commands syntax - the rules for how a programmer must write code for a computer to understand syntax error - a mistake in the code that does not follow a programming language's syntax attribute - a characteristic of an object behavior - an action that an object can perform class - a programmer-defined blueprint from which objects are created object - an instance of a class object-oriented programming - an approach to creating and using models of physical or imagined objects constructor - a block of code that has the same name as the class and tells the computer how to create a new object instantiate - to call the constructor to create an object dot operator - used to call a method in a class method - a named set of instructions to perform a task argument - the specific value provided when a method or constructor is called parameter - defines the type of value to receive when a method or constructor is called string literal - a sequence of characters enclosed in quotation marks ( " " ) algorithm - a finite set of instructions that accomplish a task condition - determines whether or not to execute a block of code iteration statement - a control structure that repeatedly executes a block of code inheritance - an object-oriented programming principle where a subclass inherits the attributes and behaviors of a superclass subclass - a class that extends a superclass and inherits its attributes and behaviors superclass - a class that can be extended to create subclasses tester class - the class that contains the main method and from where the program starts running method signature - consists of a name and parameter list return - to exit a method and go back to the point in the program that called it with the requested value or information return type - the value returned before a method completes its execution and exits void - specifies that a method should not have a return value code review - the process of examining code and providing feedback to improve the quality and functionality of the program commit - an operation which saves the latest changes of the code and represents a snapshot of a project documentation - written descriptions of the purpose and functionality of code programming style - a set of guidelines and best practices for formatting program code selection statement - a statement that only executes when a condition is true data type - the format of the data that can be stored in a variable declaration - giving a name and data type to a variable variable - a container that stores a value in memory decomposition - the process of breaking a problem down into smaller parts to write methods for each part efficient - getting the best outcome with the least amount of waste pseudocode - a plain language description of the steps in an algorithm redundant - code that is unnecessary logical operator - an operator that returns a Boolean value  two-way selection statement - specifies a block of code to execute when the condition is true and a block of code to execute when the condition is false Unit 2 - Class Structure and Design DRY principle - a software development principle that stands for "Don't Repeat Yourself" which aims to reduce repetition in code access modifier - a keyword used to set the visibility of classes, variables, constructors, and methods encapsulation - an object-oriented programming concept where the instance variables of a class are hidden from other classes and can be accessed only through the methods of the class instance variable - a variable defined in a class that represents an attribute of an object refactor - to improve the readability, reusability, or structure of program code without altering its functionality constructor signature - the first line of the constructor which includes the public keyword, the constructor name, and any parameters default value - a predefined value that is used by a program when the user does not provide a value no-argument constructor - a constructor with no parameters actual parameter - the value to assign to the formal parameter call by value - copying the value of the actual parameter to the constructor's formal parameter formal parameter - the value to be passed to a constructor or method local variable - a variable declared and accessible within a specific block of code overloading - defining two or more constructors or methods with the same name but different signatures parameterized constructor - a constructor that has a specific number of arguments to be passed to assign values to an object's instance variables state - the attributes of an object that are represented by its instance variables scope - where a variable can be used assignment - using the assignment operator ( = ) to initialize or change the value stored in a variable initialization - giving a starting value to a variable using the assignment operator ( = ) literal - a source code representation of a value, such as a number or text primitive type - a basic data type that Java predefines reference type - a data type that contains a pointer to the memory location of an object accessor method - gives the value that is currently assigned to an instance variable application program interface (API) - a library of prewritten classes library - a collection of methods or reusable components of code return by value - a copy of the value is given to where the method is called compound assignment operator - shortcut syntax to perform an operation on both operands and assign the result into the variable on the left compound expression - a combination of expressions concatenation - when two Strings are joined together expression - a combination of data and operators that evaluates to a single value operand - the data that is operated on truncate - to cut off data from the end Boolean expression - a logical statement that gives either a true or false value mutator method - changes the value assigned to an instance variable relational operator - an operator used to compare values or expressions escape sequence - starts with a \ to indicate how to display a String override - to define a method in a subclass with the same method signature as a method inherited from a superclass  Unit 3 - Arrays and Algorithms Vocabulary data structure - a structure for organizing, processing, retrieving, and storing data element - a single value or object in a data structure one-dimensional (1D) array - a data structure that holds multiple values of the same data type index - an integer value that indicates the position of a value in a data structure initializer list - a comma-separated list of values or objects given inside curly braces ( { } ) traverse - to access elements in a data structure one by one decrement - to decrease a value by one increment - to increase a value by one loop control variable - a variable that is changed by a constant value and determines the end of a loop off-by-one error - an error that occurs when a loop repeats one time too many or one time too few postcondition - a condition that must always be true just after the execution of a code segment precondition - a condition that must always be true just before the execution of a code segment text file - a file that contains letters, numbers, and/or symbols but has no special formatting polymorphism - where the same object or method has more than one form Unit 4 - Conditions and Logic Vocabulary instance method - a method that requires an object of the class to be created before it can be called static method - a method that can be called without creating an object of the class static variable - a variable that is shared by all instances of a class constant - a variable whose value cannot be changed once it has been assigned cast - to assign a value of one type to another widen - automatically cast from a smaller type to a larger type alias - a reference variable that points to the same object as another reference variable nested conditional statement - a conditional statement nested inside of another conditional statement compound Boolean expression - an expression using logical operators that evaluates to a Boolean value short-circuited evaluation - a process in which the evaluation of a logical expression exits when the result is clear, even before the complete evaluation of the expression truth table - a table used to determine the truth values of a Boolean expression De Morgan's Laws - a set of rules that describe how to simplify complex Boolean expressions multi-selection statement - a statement that selects a single action from three or more conditional statements based on which Boolean expression is true Unit 5 - Two-Dimensional Arrays Vocabulary column - a vertical (up and down) series of data in a two-dimensional (2D) array inner array - an array that is nested inside another array outer array - the outermost array of a two-dimensional array row - a horizontal (left to right) series of data in a two-dimensional (2D) array two-dimensional (2D) array - an array of arrays often represented as a table with rows and columns row-major order - traversing a 2D array by accessing each row from top to bottom column-major order - traversing a 2D array by accessing each column from left to right RGB - a color model consisting of red, green, and blue lights to display images pixel - the smallest unit of information in an image