Vocab 3 Unit 1 PDF

1. unit production - a type of production where a single product is manufactured at a time (ex: a tailor-made suit, helicopter, the ship/boat): sản xuất từng đơn vị, từng cái, sản xuất riêng lẻ 2. batch production - a type of production which involves making a set quantity of identical (giống nhau)...

1. unit production - a type of production where a single product is manufactured at a time (ex: a tailor-made suit, helicopter, the ship/boat): sản xuất từng đơn vị, từng cái, sản xuất riêng lẻ 2. batch production - a type of production which involves making a set quantity of identical (giống nhau) products (ex: a bakery making a batch of 100 white bread rolls, the medicine, soap, computer, chips): sản xuất theo lô 3. mass production - a type of production where large quantities of identical products are produced using an assembly line (ex: production of cars, soft drinks, toys, food): sản xuất hàng loạt 4. continuous production - a production method used to manufacture, produce, or process materials without interruption (ex: oil refining going on 24 hours a day and 365 days a year, chemicals, fertilizers): sản xuất liên tục, không gián đoạn 5. value added - relating to the increase in value of a product or service as it goes through the stages of being developed and produced: gia tăng về giá trị 6. operations management - the administration of business practices aimed at ensuring maximum efficiency within a business: quản trị vận hành 7. raw materials - substances used in the primary production of goods: nguyên liệu thô 8. inventory management - the process of ordering, storing, and using a company’s stock: quản lý tồn kho 9. production scheduling - planning the order and timing of production activities: lập kế hoạch sản xuất 10. supply chain - the network of businesses involved in creating and delivering a product or service: chuỗi cung ứng 11. assembly line - sequential arrangement of stations where components are added to create a finished product: dây chuyền lắp ráp 12. lead time - the total time it takes to produce a finished good, from raw materials to completion: thời gian sản xuất 13. machine maintenance - the upkeep and repair of machinery used in production to ensure smooth operation: bảo trì thiết bị máy móc 14. capacity planning - the process of determining how much production a facility can handle: hoạch định công suất/năng lực sản xuất 15. quality assurance: đảm bảo chất lượng 16. conversion - the act or process of changing something from one form to another: sự chuyển đổi 17. simultaneously - at the same time as something else: đồng thời, cùng lúc 18. revolution - a very important change in the way that people do things: cuộc cách mạng, sự thay đổi hoàn toàn về phương pháp 19. repetitive - repeated many times: lặp đi, lặp lại 29. binding - the cover that holds the pages of a book together: bìa sách, sự liên kết 21. specifications - a detailed description of how something is, or should be, designed or made: chi tiết, chỉ dẫn kỹ thuật 22. standardized - conformed to a standard: được chuẩn hóa, tiêu chuẩn hóa 23. over-the-counter drug - a medicine that can be bought without a prescription (doctor’s order): thuốc không kê đơn 24. identical: giống hệt nhau 25. manufacture: chế tạo 26. process materials: xử lý vật liệu 27. pioneer: người mở đường, người tiên phong 28. downtime: thời gian chết 1. quality assurance - a process that ensures that a product or service meets the desired quality standards: đảm bảo chất lượng 2. strategic vision - a long-term plan that outlines an organization’s goals and objectives: tầm nhìn chiến lược 3. resources allocation - the process of assigning and managing assets in a way that supports an organization’s strategic planning goals: phân bổ nguồn lực 4. linear workflow - a process where tasks are performed sequentially in a specific order: quy trình làm việc tuyến tính 5. performance measurement - the process of collecting, analyzing and / or reporting information regarding the performance of an individual or organization: đo lường hiệu suất/việc đánh giá hoạt động 6. Just-in-Time (JIT) manufacturing - minimizing inventory by receiving materials only when needed for production: sản xuất tức thời (đúng sản phẩm - đúng số lượng - đúng nơi - đúng thời điểm cần thiết) 7. lean manufacturing - eliminating waste and maximizing efficiency throughout the production process: sản xuất tinh gọn 8. line efficiency - a measure of how productive a production line is compared to its ideal output: hiệu suất đường dây/dây chuyền sản xuất 9. production yield - the percentage of raw materials that are successfully converted into finished goods: tỷ lệ sản xuất đạt yêu cầu, năng suất sản xuất 10. production bottleneck - a point in the production process that slows down overall output: nút thắt/tắc nghẽn sản xuất 11. oversee - to supervise or manage a project or activity: quản lý, điều hành, giám sát 12. infrastructure - the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise: cơ sở hạ tầng 13. forward - to help to improve or develop something: xúc tiến, đẩy mạnh, tiến lên phía trước 14. align - to bring something into line or agreement with something else: hòa hợp, điều chỉnh cho phù hợp 15. deficiency - a lack or shortage of something that is necessary: sự thiếu hụt 16. pinpoint - to locate or identify something with precision: xác định rõ, chính xác, định vị 17. remediate - to correct or improve something that is deficient or defective: sửa chữa, khắc phục 18. implement - to put a plan or decision into effect: thực hiện, triển khai 19. replenish - to refill or restock something that has been used up: bổ sung 20. utilize - to make use of something for a practical purpose: sử dụng 21. comply (with sth): tuân theo 22. enhance: làm tăng 23. multiply: tăng nhanh về số lượng 24. prospective: có khả năng, có triển vọng 25. remediable: có thể sửa chữa được, có thể cứu được 26. performance metrics: chỉ số đo lường hiệu quả công việc 27. square root: căn bậc hai 28. tier: tầng, lớp 1. Auditing - the process of reviewing and examining the credibility of a company’s financial reports: kiểm toán 2. Forensic accounting - a process of examining a person’s or organization’s financial records to find out financial crimes: kế toán pháp lý/kế toán điều tra 3. Accounting - the process of preparing the financial records of people, companies, or organizations: kế toán 4. Managerial accounting - the activity of preparing and using financial information about a company in order to support management to make key business decisions: kế toán quản trị 5. Creative accounting - an accounting practice that exploits loopholes in accounting standards to portray a better financial picture of a company than reality: kế toán sáng tạo 6. Tax accounting - a subsector of accounting that refers to preparation of information on a person’s income or a company’s earnings for tax payments and tax returns: kế toán thuế 7. Cost accounting - the process of reporting, analyzing a company’s costs and identifying where a company is spending its money, how much it earns, and where money is being lost: kế toán chi phí 8. Bookkeeping - the activity of keeping an exact record of daily or monthly transactions: ghi sổ kế toán 9. An income statement (also known as a Profit and Loss statement) - reports a company’s operating activity and lists revenue, expenses, and net income of a company for a given period: báo cáo thu nhập 10. A balance sheet - reports a company’s financial position and lists the company’s assets, liabilities, and equity: bảng cân đối kế toán 11. A cash flow statement - reports how a company used cash during a specific period. It is broken into three sections: operations, financing, and investments: báo cáo lưu chuyển tiền tệ 12. Intangibles: tài sản vô hình 13. Accounts payable: các khoản phải trả 14. Accounts receivable: các khoản phải thu 15. Liability: nợ phải trả 16. Equity: vốn chủ sở hữu 17. Retained earnings: lợi nhuận giữ lại 18. Goodwill: lợi thế thương mại 19. Inventories: hàng tồn kho 20. Deferred tax liabilities: các khoản nợ thuế chưa thu/hoãn lại 21. cash equivalents: các khoản tương đương tiền 22. inventory: hàng tồn kho 23. provisions: khoản dự phòng