Vitamins - safa PDF

by: safa Yousif WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS  What Are Nutrients? Nutrients: Are the chemicals in foods that are important for human growth and function. SIX GROUPS OF NUTRIENTS: Water Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Minerals Vitamins  Macronutrients Four types of food are...

by: safa Yousif WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS  What Are Nutrients? Nutrients: Are the chemicals in foods that are important for human growth and function. SIX GROUPS OF NUTRIENTS: Water Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Minerals Vitamins  Macronutrients Four types of food are required in large :amounts in the daily diet Water.1 Carbohydrates.2 Proteins.3 Fats.4  Micronutrients Two other food types are required in smaller amounts: Minerals.1 Vitamins.2 All the minerals and most of vitamins must be obtained from your FOOD since your body cannot make them.  What Are Vitamins? “VITAMIN” means “vital for life” VITAMINS are organic compounds required in small amounts ( mg or µg) for health. 1 gram = 1000 mg = 1,000,000 ug Most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the  Classes of Vitamins There are two classes of vitamins: Fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in fat. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water. Two Classes of Vitamins Fat Soluble Water Soluble Vitamin A Vitamin C Vitamin D B Vitamins: Vitamin E - Vitamin B1 Vitamin K - Vitamin B2 - Vitamin B3 - Vitamin B5 - Vitamin B6 - Vitamin B7 - Vitamin B9 - Vitamin B12  Fat-soluble vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K  Vitamin A Animal sources: Plant sources: - deep green, liver– - yellow, Egg yolk– - orange, Dairy products– - red fruits and vegetables Functions; Deficiency; Toxicity of Vitamin A Toxicity Deficiency Functions Nausea, vomiting, Night blindness Vision headache, hair loss Retarded growth, Reproduction malformed bones Dry mucous Cell repair membranes Susceptibility to Growth & infection development Liver disease Birth defects during Immunity pregnancy Birth defects during Cancers Antioxidant pregnancy  Vitamin D The sources of vitamin D include oily fish, egg yolk, margarine. The body can make vitamin D when the skin is exposed to sunlight. Functions; Deficiency; Toxicity of Vitamin D Toxicity Deficiency Functions Helps increase High blood levels Rickets in blood levels of of calcium childern calcium Bone growth Kidney stones Osteomalacia in Acts like hormone adult  Vitamin E Plant oils and animal fat Nuts Seeds Whole grains Green, leafy vegetables Functions; Deficiency; Toxicity of Vitamin E Toxicity Deficiency Functions Rare Rare Powerful antioxidant  Vitamin K Dark green vegetables Liver Lean meat Eggs peanuts Manufactured by bacteria in intestine Functions; Deficiency; Toxicity of Vitamin K Toxicity Deficiency Functions Cofactor for Rare Rare coagulation Important constituent in blood clotting  Water-soluble vitamins Vitamin C B Vitamins: - Vitamin B1 - Vitamin B2 - Vitamin B3 - Vitamin B5 - Vitamin B6 - Vitamin B7 - Vitamin B9 - Vitamin B12  Vitamin C -Ascorbic Acid Fresh fruits, Fresh vegetables  Properties; Functions; Deficiency; of Vitamin C Deficiency Functions Properties Weakening of Collagen synthesis Sensitive to heat, connective tissue light and oxygen Bleed Healthy gums Hair & teeth loss Helps body absorb iron from food Anemia Protects from infection Susceptibility to Antioxidant infection  B Vitamins The B vitamins can be found in a variety of foods, such as bread, cereals, milk, meat. B1 B2 B3 B5 B6 B7 B9 B12  Vitamin B1 - Thiamine Whole-grains Meat Liver Milk Eggs Vegetables  Properties; Functions; Deficiency; of Vitamin B1 Deficiency Functions Properties Beri-Beri Coenzyme that Requirement disease helps release of increases with energy from carbohydrate in carbohydrates diet Needed for normal functioning of nervous system  Vitamin B2 -Riboflavin Milk products Whole grains Liver Eggs Green Vegetables  Properties; Functions; Deficiency; of Vitamin B2 Deficiency Functions Properties Glossitis Coenzyme that Sensitive to light helps release energy from carbohydrates, Angular df Growth, repair, stomatitis development of body tissues - healthy skin, eyes Photophobia and tongue  Vitamin B3 -Niacin Meat, chicken, fish Legumes Whole grains Yeast  Properties; Functions; Deficiency; of Vitamin B3 Deficiency Functions Properties Pellagra Coenzyme that Can be made in helps release of body from energy from tryptophan carbohydrates, fats and protein Needed for normal functioning of nervous system  Vitamin B6 -Pyridoxine Meat, chicken, fish Eggs Nuts Legumes Vegetables bananas  Properties; Functions; Deficiency; of Vitamin B6 Deficiency Functions Properties Nerve damage Coenzyme in Excess toxic > transamination 200 mg/day - and decarboxylation damages nerves reactions Pellagra Anemia Dermatitis Breast, uterus and prostate cancers  Vitamin B7 -Biotin Found in most foods Can be produced by intestinal bacteria  Properties; Functions; Deficiency; of Vitamin B7 Deficiency Functions Properties Rare As a coenzyme - in carboxylation reactions (addition of CO2) Helps body to produce fats and glucose  Vitamin B9 -Folic Acid Green leafy vegetables Yeast Liver Legumes oranges  Properties; Functions; Deficiency; of Vitamin B9 Deficiency Functions Properties Megaloblastic Coenzyme for Sensitive to heat, anemia synthesis of light and oxygen nucleic acid Neural tube Red blood cell defects formation Development of brain, spinal cord and skeleton in fetus  Vitamin B12 - Cobalamin liver Meat, chicken, fish eggs cheese  Properties; Functions; Deficiency; of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Functions Properties Megaloblastic Coenzyme for B-12 stored in the anemia Nucleic acid liver synthesis Pernicious Red blood cell Affected by light anaemia formation Nerve Activates folic degeneration and acid paralysis Thank you