VITAMINS-AND-MINERALS PDF

VITAMINS VITAMIN OTHER NAME/S SOURCE/S FUNCTION/S DEFICIENCY TOXICITY Fat-soluble Vitamins Retinol; Vegetables & Dairy...

VITAMINS VITAMIN OTHER NAME/S SOURCE/S FUNCTION/S DEFICIENCY TOXICITY Fat-soluble Vitamins Retinol; Vegetables & Dairy Excessive intakes lead to accumulation Vitamin A -Carotene Products beyond the capacity of binding proteins, so the unbound vitamin A cause tissue damage. Nyctalopia (night blindness); Symptoms of toxicity affect the central Component of Xeropthalmia (extreme dryness of the nervous system (headache, nausea, light-sensitive conjunctiva); ataxia, & anorexia, all associated with pigments in eye, keratomalacia (deterioration and increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure), Vitamin A2 Dehydroretinol Fish Liver epithelial tissue ulceration of the cornea); the liver (hepatomegaly with histologic maintenance Hyperkeratosis (skin thickening) changes & hyperlipidemia), calcium homeostasis (thickening of the long bones; hypercalcemia & calcification of soft tissues), and the skin (excessive dryness; desquamation, and alopecia) Vitamin D Calciferol Rickets (bone softening disease in Can lead to contraction of blood Dairy Products, Eggs, Vitamin D2 Ergocalciferol Calcium Absorption, children); vessels, high blood pressure, & Cod Liver Oil; Cholecalciferol; Bone Formation, Osteomalacia (bone softening disease calcinosis (the calcification of soft Vitamin D3 Ultraviolet Light Sunshine Vitamin in adult, mostly in women) tissues) Protects fatty -Tocopherols; Anti- Margarine, Seeds, Hemolysis of red blood cells; acids and cell Vitamin E Sterility Vitamin; Green Leafy membranes from Serious neurologic dysfunction Tocotrienols Vegetables (extremely rare) oxidation Phylloquinone; Vitamin K1 Phytomenadione; Leafy Vegetables Blood clotting; Antihaemorrhagic Vitamin Coenzyme in Hemmorrhage (uncontrolled bleeding); Synthesized By Carboxyaltion of Vitamin K2 Menaquinones Delayed blood clotting Intestinal Bacteria Glutamic Acid residues Vitamin K3 Menadione Synthetic Water-soluble Vitamins Carbohydrate Beriberi (weakened heart, edema, Aneurine; Organ Meats, Pork, Vitamin B1 metabolism, nerve nerve and muscle degeneration); Thiamine Grains, Legumes and heart function fatigue; Depression; Pernicicos Anemia Eye irritation; Milk Products, Liver, Riboflavin; Inflammation and breakdown of skin Eggs, Grains, Energy Vitamin B2 Lactoflavin; Legumes, metabolism cells; Vitamin G Chellosis (swollen cracked bright-red Rice Polishing lips) Niacin; Oxidation- Pellagra (rough skin); Nicotinic Acid; Liver, Lean Meats, reduction Dermatitis (skin inflammation); Vitamin B3 Nicotinamide; Grains, Legumes reactions in Dementia (cognitive & intellectual Can cause liver damage. PP (Pellagra-Preventing) cellular respiration deterioration) Vitamin Milk Products, Liver, Pantothinic Acid; Anti- Energy Vitamin B5 Grey Hair Vitamin Eggs, Grains, metabolism Fatigue; loss of coordination Legumes Convulsions; Irritability; Kidney Stones; Pyridoxine; Anemia (blood condition in which there Pyridoxine Hydrochloride; Whole-Grain Cereals, Amino acid Vitamin B6 Pyridoxal; Vegetables, Meats metabolism are too few red blood cells or the red Can cause neurologic damage. blood cells are deficient in Pyridoxamine haemoglobin); Skin Lesions Coenzyme in carboxylation reactions in Meats, Vegetables, Dermatitis: Depression; Fatigue; Vitamin B7 Biotin; Vitamin H gluconeogenesis Legumes Nausea; Anorexia, Hair Loss and fatty acid synthesis and metabolism Folic Acid; Yeats, Liver, Green Coenzyme in Megaloblastic anemia (anemia with Folacin; Vitamin B9 Pteroyglutamic Acid; Plants, Wholemeal transfer of one- large red blood cells); Bread, Oranges, Nuts carbon fragments Neurological Deficits Vitamin M Cyanocobalamine; Vitamin Megaloblastic Anaemia B12a Vitamin Vitamin Red meats, eggs, Nucleic acid Pernicious anemia (severe form of Hydorxycobalamine dairy products production anemia); neurological disorder B12b Vitamin Nitrotocobalamine; B12c Extrinsic Factor Vitamin Pangamic Acid B16 Vitamin Leatrile Anticancer B17 Collagen Citrus Fruits, formation in teeth, Green Leafy Ascorbic Acid; Cevitamic bone, and Vegetables, Scurvy (breakdown of skin, blood Vitamin C Acid; Antiscorbutic Tomatoes, Red connective tissue vessels, and teeth) Vitamin of blood vessels; pepper, Grapefruit may help in juice, Broccoli resisting infection Evening Primrose Oil, For normal growth Hair loss; eczema; Behavioural Vitamin F Fatty Acids Grape Seed Oil, and behaviour disturbances Flaxseed Oil Vitamin P Permeability Factor Ubiquinone 10; Liver; metabolic Vitamin Ubidecanone; tissues in plants & Q10 Coenzyme Q10 animals  MINERALS MINERAL SOURCES FUNCTION DEFICIENCY Major Minerals Milk, cheese, dried Bone and teeth formation, blood Calcium Rickets, osteoporosis, convulsions legumes, vegetables clotting, and nerve transmission Foods containing salt; Fluid regulation between cells or cell Acid-base imbalance in body fluids (very Chlorine some vegetables and layers rare) fruits Whole grains; green, leafy Magnesium Enzyme activation, protein synthesis Growth failure, behavior problems, spasms vegetables Milk, cheese, yogurt, fish, Bone and teeth formation, acid-base Phosphorus Weakness, loss of calcium poultry, meats, grains balance maintenance Bananas, leafy Acid-base balance and fluid balance Muscle cramps, mental confusion, loss of Potassium vegetables, potatoes, maintenance, nerve transmission appetite, irregular cardiac rhythm cantaloupe, milk, meats Acid-base balance maintenance and Disorders unlikely if body gets small Sulfur. Fish, poultry, meats liver function amounts needed Acid-base balance and body water Muscle cramps, reduced appetite, mental Sodium Table salt balance maintenance, nerve function apathy Trace Minerals Legumes, cereals, organ Chromium meats, fats, vegetable oils, Glucose metabolism Adult onset diabetes meats, whole grains Anemia, impairs bone and nervous tissue Copper Meats, drinking water Red blood cell formation development Drinking water, tea, Bone structure maintenance, decay- Fluorine Osteoporosis; tooth decay seafood resistant teeth Salt-water fish, shellfish, Iodine dairy products, Component of thyroid hormone Enlarged thyroid (goiter) vegetables, iodized salt Lean meats, eggs, whole Hemoglobin formation in blood; energy Iron grains, green leafy Anemia metabolism vegetables, legumes Prevents breakdown of fats and other Selenium Seafood, meat, grains body chemicals; Anemia Glutathione Metabolism Lean meat, whole-grain Component of many enzymes included Growth failure, small sex glands, delayed Zinc breads and cereals, dried in digestion, cell repair, sexual wound healing beans, seafood reproduction