Viral and Fungal Skin Infections PDF

Viral and Fungal Skin Infections Warts (Verruca Vulgaris) • Human Papilloma Virus (Type 2 and 4) • Transmission: direct skin to skin • Distribution: most common hands, feet • Clinical Manifestations: o Hyperkeratotic papules w “verrucous (rough/irregular)” surface o Tiny black/red dots = thrombosed...

Viral and Fungal Skin Infections Warts (Verruca Vulgaris) • Human Papilloma Virus (Type 2 and 4) • Transmission: direct skin to skin • Distribution: most common hands, feet • Clinical Manifestations: o Hyperkeratotic papules w “verrucous (rough/irregular)” surface o Tiny black/red dots = thrombosed capillaries o Face: flat-topped papules o Plantar foot: painful • Treatment : Cryotherapy Genital Warts (Condyloma Acuminata) High-Risk Cervical cancer Types: 16, 18 • Human Papilloma Virus (Types 6 and 11) Low Risk Genital Wart Types: 6, 11 • Transmission: Sexual • Clinical Manifestations: o 1-2 mm or larger o Pruritic, painful, bleeding o Oncogenic potential varies: Type 16 and 18 – squamous cell and cervical cancer Herpes Simplex • Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) • Oral and skin: HSV-1 (80-90%) • Urogenital: HSV-2 (70-90%) • 3 modes of Transmission: o Skin-skin o Skin-mucosa o Mucosa-skin • Diagnosis: Tzanck Smear o shows Multi-nucleated giant cells • Primary infection occurs in immunocompromised patients o Lasts 10-14 days • Recurrent infection occurs in same location o Lasts 5 days Gingivostomatitis (in children) Primary HSV-1 infection HSV: Other Clinical Syndromes Erythema Primary Ocular Multiforme HSV Encephalitis Pharyngitis Painful vesicular lesions leading to difficulties in eating, drinking, swallowing. Herpes Zoster ‘shingles’ • Reactivation of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) • Clinical manifestations: o Painful vesicular rash in dermatomal distribution o Rash resolves in 7-10 days • Complications: o Post Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN) o Secondary Bacterial Infection (Immunocompromised) § Cutaneous, visceral spread o Hutchinson Sign § Classic Herpes Zoster sign à 1st branch of Trigeminal nerve affected Bell's palsy Measles (Rubeola) • Acute RNA virus • Transmission via direct contact or airborne • Rash preceded by: o Fever o Classic triad cough o Conjunctivitis o Koplik spots (gray-white raised lesions on buccal mucosa) • Complications: o Otitis media o Bronchopneumonia o GI o Ocular Keratitis Roseola • HHV-6B: Replicates in salivary glands and leukocytes • Appears ages 2 wk-3 yrs o High fever o Generalized, discrete small pale/pink papules o Erythematous papules on soft palate mucosa and uvular base (Nagayama spots) Differences between Roseola and Rubella Roseola Rubella Pink-Red rash Red-Brown rash Nagayama spots No soft palate mucosal/uvular base papules Koplik spots on buccal mucosa Zika Virus • Transmitted to humans via Aedes mosquito • Can cause: o Microcephaly o Intracranial calcifications o Fetal brain defect o Eye defects • Associated with cases of Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) • Pregnant women should not travel b/c it transmits to baby • Detected through PCR testing Tinea • AKA Ringworm, athlete’s foot o Tinea pedis = feet o Tinea corpora = body corpus o Tinea barbae = beard o Tinea capitis = scalp o Tinea manum = hands o Tinea cruris = groin crotch