Violence in Families Chapter 14 PDF

Violence in Families Chapter 14 by Catherine Holtmann  There is a sad and tragic side to family life, with some social groups more vulnerable to violence, abuse, and stress There are many definitions and various forms of violenc...

Violence in Families Chapter 14 by Catherine Holtmann  There is a sad and tragic side to family life, with some social groups more vulnerable to violence, abuse, and stress There are many definitions and various forms of violence and abuse Violence in This area of study is complicated with definitional and methodological challenges Families There are short- and long-term-life-course consequences of violence and abuse A life-course, ecological perspective is important and helps us to situate and critically evaluate explanations for violence and abuse There are several important issues relevant to prevention and intervention to explore  Did the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic cause family violence or did it expose a pandemic within a the violence that is so much a part of everyday pandemic? family experiences? Different forms of Canada is a world leader violence in the family but violence can occur in research on domestic in all families we have violence WHY? Violence in studied this semester Families Terminology: domestic violence, intimate partner violence, gender-based violence, spousal abuse and family violence Holtmann argues we need to use terms that *but remember violence reflect the social problem of violence can happen in all family against women perpetrated by men in types and between all heterosexual members relationships  Definitions of Domestic Violence: (politically contested) Narrow definitions-focus on extreme acts of physical or sexual that causes harm and/or injury benefits of using a narrow definition? Negative effects? Broad definitions-what are benefits of the definition on page 309? Feminists use broad definitions to explain root causes of domestic violence power and control enabled historical and Violence in current patriarchal social order allows some men to have power over Families women in families, politics and economy ‘rule of thumb’ and ‘spare the rod and spoil the child’  Theoretical Perspectives on Domestic Violence: Feminist, social learning, psychiatric and personality, and social situation/stress and coping 1. feminist-patriarchal institutions rely on violence or the threat of violence, to maintain male power and control over women Focus is sexual violence and the normalization of sexual domination between men and women Socio-cultural context of pop. culture and its normalization, eroticization of violence Intimate partner violence at the intersection of gender, race, class and sexual orientation inequalities Violence in example = Indigenous women are more likely to experience violence from intimate partners than non-Indigenous. What factors contribute to Families these experiences? Violence in Families Intergenerational Impact on children People learn violent transmission of seeing violence 2. Social learning and abusive violence leads to between parents theory- behaviors from their the cycle of lead to emotional social environment violence and social stress Violent and abusive Fight, flight or behaviors co-mingle Family violence and freeze responses with non-violent and parental from children affectionate alienation – does it witnessing violence behaviors in exist? in the home abusive households Violence in Families coercive control and cycle of violence are used to answer the Why don’t women leave? question The mix of abusive and non-abusive behaviors used by the abuser 3 phases of cycle of violence- tension building, violence and honeymoon People also learn abusive behaviors outside media, pornography consumption the family: Does watching violent media lead to violent actions among family members regardless of educational levels or socio-economic standing?  3. Psychiatric/personality theory- Domestic violence is perpetuated by can help explain root causes for a individuals who have psychological small portion of men who batter problems, negative personality Violence in women but can’t explain the characteristics, or forms of mental widespread nature of the problem health that cause them to act violently Families 4. Social situational/stress and personal problems as the result of coping theory- social structures Looks at both individual personalities examples could be poverty, racism, and social structures marginalization and lack of resources could immigrant status influence prevalence of domestic abuse?  Prevalence of Domestic Violence: measures Violence in 1993 –The Canadian Violence Against Women Survey (CVAWS) Families Canada’s General Social Survey GSS on Victimization and crime data combined with the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) Which one is better able to show accurate rates of domestic abuse? underreporting, overall victimization, timelines New data from the 2017-It’s Time: Canada’s Strategy to Prevent and Address Gender-Based Violence Includes a gender-based violence knowledge center and new survey programs  Domestic Violence among Vulnerable Families: Even though we know that domestic violence occurs in all kinds of families, there are some groups who experience higher rates domestic violence is experienced differently among Indigenous, immigrant and conservative religious families Causes: structural factors contributing to inequality Indigenous families – colonialism, intergenerational post-traumatic stress disorder Immigrant families – immigrants come from Violence in a wide range of social and cultural contexts, but culture does not cause violence Families Causal factors = gender role shifts, immigrant status, isolation factors, public pressure to not expose family problems  Conservative religious families- women are held responsible for the Violence in success of their marriages and the well- being of families Families The holy hush = women suffer in silence for fear of shame or guilt while abusive husbands are not held accountable for their actions Intervention strategies for these subgroups must be sensitive to their subgroup status: anti-racist with special attention to ethnic, cultural and religious backgrounds Examples of culturally integrative interventions? Violence in Families Intervention Strategies: Community coordinated response has been proven to be the best strategy to intervene Incorporates multiple public services and diverse community organizations to ensure a systematic approach 1. Shelter movement – purpose, what services do they provide and are there any culturally appropriate services provided? 2. Criminal justice response – how does it operate?, can it disempower abused women? 3. Action-oriented – a national network of centres for excellence in research to study all aspects of family violence with the goal of improving intervention strategies, and implement policies and legislation to reduce, and eventually stop family violence.  Conclusion: Over the past 30 years in Canada, Violence in almost 1 in 3 women has experienced some form of violence or abuse from a Families spouse or common-law partner Consequences – costs to individual family and society in general Next research steps = better understand the power dynamics in intimate relationships among same-sex, trans and other kinds of partnerships Explore other intervention strategies for all families in Canada.