Wine Laws & Regulations PDF

Machine Translated by Google WINE LICENSE Machine Translated by Google Subject: Wine laws Subject Target points The student must have an overview of the...

Machine Translated by Google WINE LICENSE Machine Translated by Google Subject: Wine laws Subject Target points The student must have an overview of the function of the wine laws, which is to ensure the wine's origin and safety from fraud. The student must have an overview of the regulation of protected designations, labeling and labeling as well as the classification of wine. Wine laws The student must also know about the regulations for permitted additives, procedures in the vineyard (e.g. planting density, grape varieties, tying systems, harvest) and cellar (e.g. treatment, blending, storage) Machine Translated by Google Geographical delimitation Purpose To establish a unique identity for the wines that come from a specific place. To guarantee the origin of the wines. Mainly based on a conviction that different environments (geographic boundaries) produce wines of different character (terroir). Legislation and methods vary from country to country. European wine laws are often stricter than in the rest of the world. The EU got its own set of regulations (2009) in an attempt to get a more uniform set of legislation for the member states. This is to be considered a minimum of what the EU countries must do, and many have stricter requirements. Machine Translated by Google EU regulations vs the national legislation Quality designations EU expression Old designations France, Italy, Spain, Germany English (the expressions have different versions in France, Italy, Spain, Germany the EU languages) France: Wine Wine without designation of origin France: Vin de Table Italy: Vino Italy: Vino da Tavola Spain: Vino Spain: Vino da Mesa Germany: Wein Germany: Tafelwein France: IGP/IGT PGI (Protected France: Vin de Pays Italy: IGP Geographical Indication) Italy: Vino de Tipico Spain: IGP Spain: Vino de la Tierra Germany: Landwein Germany: Landwein France: AOP Protected Designation of France: AOC Italy: DOC/DOCG Origin Italy: DOC/DOCG Spain: DO/DOCa Spain: DO/DOCa Germany: Qualitats- Germany: QmP/QbA /Prädikatswein Machine Translated by Google The EU's labeling scheme for geographically protected designations Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) Machine Translated by Google FRANCE Machine Translated by Google AOC History Beg. 20 years As a result of the many wine diseases in the second half of the 19th century, counterfeiting and fraud are widespread. Initial legislation is introduced. 1923 Baron LeRoy introduces a detailed set of rules for Châteauneuf-du-Pape. The 1930s The AOC system is developed from here. 1935 CNAO (Comité National des appellations d'origine, later Institut National des Appellations d'Origine) is founded by, among others, Joseph Capus. 1936/37 The majority of France's most famous appellations for wine and spirits are established. 1949 VDQS (Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure) is introduced (abolished in 2009). 1990 INAO ÿ The future of French wine must be based on a geographical concept. 2004 Competition from abroad means that French wine exports are in decline. Geographic policy from 1990 changes in an attempt to make the labels easier to understand. 2009 EU reform. PDO & PGI are introduced. Machine Translated by Google France Appellation d'Origine Controllée (AOC) / Appellation d'Origine Protégée (AOP) Name changed to AOP in 2009 (in line with EU reform), but AOC can still be used. The system designates, controls and protects the geographically based appellations. Wine, spirits, food. Administered by INAO (Institut National des Appellations d'Origine et de la qualité) Control of (over 300 AOPs): production area, grape variety, maturity, alcohol, yield, etc. Today… PDO Appellation d'Origine Protégée (AOP) PGI Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP) Wine without geographical indication Wine (de France) Machine Translated by Google France Machine Translated by Google The Wine Act - areas with stricter measures In several French wine regions, stricter rules have been introduced than what the law regulates: Saint-Émilion: Chablis: Premier grand crus Grand cru Rhône: classés Premier cru Burgundy: Cru Grand crus Grand cru Chablis Côtes du Alsace : classés Premier cru Petit Chablis Rhône Grand cru Village w/village Regional Beaujolais: Cru Superior Beaujolais- Loire: Village Muscadet cru Chaume 1st cru Quartz de Chaume GC AOP Machine Translated by Google GERMANY Machine Translated by Google Germany 1971 – Germany's wine law PDO Qualitatswein (from approved grape varieties growing in an anbaugebiet; legal with chaptalization) Prädikatswein (from approved grapes with certain minimum ripeness levels; chaptalization not allowed) Kabinett, Spätlese, Auslese, Beerenauslese, Eiswein, Trockenbeerenauslese. PGI Landwein (85% grapes from one of 26 landwein regions; Must be trocken / halbtrocken.) Wine without geographical indication (German) Wein Machine Translated by Google Qualitätswein Development area (13) Sub-regions: In the Moselle: Burg Cochem, Bernkastel, Moseltor, Obermosel, Ruwertal, Saar Cities Single layer Qualitätswein must come from one of the 13 anbaugebiete and otherwise follow the rules that apply to these. Can be chaptalized. Machine Translated by Google Prädikatswein Prädikatswein is the highest quality level in German wine legislation. Must come from one of the 13 anchor regions and cannot be chaptalized. The awards are based on must weight and not on geographical boundaries. The classifications from qualitätswein up to and including auslese can all be produced either with or without residual sweetness. Dry wines will normally have the designation "trocken" on the label, while wines without this designation will normally have residual sweetness. Machine Translated by Google ITALY Machine Translated by Google Italy Denominazione di Origine Contrallata (DOC) System introduced in 1963 (maximum yield, approved grape varieties, viticultural processes, geographical areas, vinification techniques, alcohol, minimum maturation/storage, etc. – for each individual DOC). The first were awarded in 1966. Areas that have been DOC for 5 years can apply for DOCG approval. The DOCG category was also introduced in 1963. The first ones were awarded in 1980 (Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Brunello di Montalcino, Barolo, Barbaresco). 1992 - Goria's law - introduces the IGT (Indicazione Geografica Tipica) category, to discourage "super wines that were Vino da Tavola". Machine Translated by Google Italy Today… PDO Denominazione di Origine Protetta (DOP) / Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Guaranteed (DOCG) Denominazione di Origine Protetta (DOP) / Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) PGI Indicazione Geografica Protetta (IGP) / Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT) Wine without geographical indication Vini Varietali (Cabernet sauvignon, cabernet franc, syrah, merlot, chardonnay, sauvignon blanc) Vino (d'Italia) Machine Translated by Google Italy Machine Translated by Google DOC / DOCG 20 Regions. 332 DOCs. 77 DOCGs. First DOC 1966: Vernaccia di San Gimignano, Ischia, Frascati etc. First DOCG 1980: Brunello di Montalcino, Vino Nobile de Montepulciano, Barolo and Barbaresco. Machine Translated by Google SPAIN Machine Translated by Google Spain The system is administered by the Instituto Nacional de Denominaciones de Origen (INDO). Each DO has its own Consejo Regulador, which regulates and oversees cultivation, production and marketing. PDO Vino de Pago (VP) Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOC / DOCa) – introduced in 1988. Protected Designation of Origin (DOP) / DO Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geografica (VCIG) / VC PGI Rioja and Vino con Indicación Geografica Protegida Priorat are the Wine without geographical indication only two Wine (Spain) DOCa Machine Translated by Google Spain Machine Translated by Google AUSTRIA Machine Translated by Google The Wine Act The Wine Act is divided into: Qualitätswein mit prädikat Trockenbeerenauslese Strohwein/Schilfwein 6 grades with different requirements for Oe level and manufacturing Ice wine Beerenauslese Qualitätswein (can be capitalized) / Auslese Spätlese Qualitätswein Qualitätswein cabinet (cannot be mit prädikat capitalized) Landwein (can be capitalized) Wein (may be capitalized) Ruster Ausbruch Qualitätswein Bergwein Country wine Wine Machine Translated by Google Machine Translated by Google USA Machine Translated by Google USA American Viticultural Area (AVA) Developed in the early 80s. BATF – Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. Today, the AVA system is overseen by TTB (Tax and Trade Bureau). Each AVA is defined by geographical and climatic boundaries, with otherwise a lot of freedom. Augusta AVA, Missouri – US first in 1980. Napa Valley received AVA status in 1981. Machine Translated by Google USA With the geographical AVA on the label, 85% of the grapes must come from the indicated AVA. With county/ state/ country on the label, 75% of the grapes must come from the specified location. Exception: with California and Oregon on the label, 100% of the grapes must come from there. Washington State - min. 95%. With the grape name on the label, 75% of the grapes must be the specified grape variety. Exception: Vitis Labrusca grapes - min. 51%. With single field on the label, 95% of the grapes must come from the specified single field. With vintage on the label AVA wine - min. 95% from the specified vintage; state/country – min. 85%. "Organic Wine" cannot be added to sulphites. Alcohol content must be stated on the label within +/- 1.5%. AVA/ American Viticultural Area does not appear on the label. See the TTB website (https://www.ttb.gov/wine/established-avas) for a complete list of AVAs. Machine Translated by Google USA Machine Translated by Google USA American Viticultural Areas There are a total of 269 AVAs in the United States There are 149 AVAs in California alone There are 16 AVAs in Napa First AVA in 1980: Machine Translated by Google AUSTRALIA Machine Translated by Google The Wine Act Freedom is great in Australia – the inspiration for winemaking is taken from Europe, but the legislation gives scope for creativity. Historically, the authorities have been more concerned with the grape and the producer than the place. Geographical Indication in 1993. A GI requires 85% of the grape to come from the GI area if this is stated on the label. A GI is based on a state - e.g. South Australia, and is an official description of an Australian wine zone, wine region or subregion. Zone - is part of a state - e.g. Barossa, Limestone Coast etc. Region – is part of a zone – e.g. Barossa Valley and Eden Valley in the Barossa. Subregion – is part of a region – e.g. High Eden located in the Eden valley. There are no grape requirements, and liberal laws in relation to cultivation and production. Watering is allowed, oak chips can be used, and acid adjustment can be done with citric acid - which is completely prohibited in the EU. LIP (Label Integrity Program) - the authorities have introduced a "tracking" requirement so that if asked, it must be documented that what is written on the label is actually true. Machine Translated by Google AUSTRALIA Geographical Indications SUPER ZONE: South Eastern Australia ZONE (STATE): Eg. South Australia REGION: E.g. Eden Valley SUBREGION: For example High Eden Single Vineyard