Veins & Arteries Final PDF

ORAL ANATOMY LECTURE Arteries & Veins I. Terms to know A. plexus (plek-sis) - large network of blood vessels B. anastomosis (ah-nas-tah-moe-sis) - a connecting channel between blood vessels for communication C. artery - arises from hea...

ORAL ANATOMY LECTURE Arteries & Veins I. Terms to know A. plexus (plek-sis) - large network of blood vessels B. anastomosis (ah-nas-tah-moe-sis) - a connecting channel between blood vessels for communication C. artery - arises from heart and carries blood away from it 1. arteries branch into arterioles which branch into capillaries D. vein - travels to the heart carrying blood back to it 1. few to no valves in head and neck area allowing two way blood flow - dental infections E. venous sinus - blood filled space between two layers of tissue II. ascending aorta A. blood leaves the left ventricle and then goes into the ascending aorta (oxygenated blood) 1. on right side a. from ascending aorta to brachiocephalic artery (into the trunk) then into right common carotid artery 2. on left side a. directly into the left common carotid III. common carotid artery divides into A. internal carotid artery 1. goes into brain area through the carotid canal a. the brain also receives blood from the vertebral arteries as well as the internal carotid 2. supplies the brain (intracranial structures) a. ophthalmic artery - supplies eye, orbit, and lacrimal gland B. external carotid artery (cranial facial structures, oral cavity and structures of head itself) 1. splits off at lower border of posterior belly of digastric muscle and stylohyoid muscle 2. anterior branches a. superior thyroid artery **** b. lingual artery **** c. facial artery 3. posterior branches a. occipital artery b. posterior auricular artery 4. medial branch a. ascending pharyngeal artery 5. terminal branches **** a. maxillary artery b. superficial temporal artery IV. facial artery of the external carotid A. follows with the nerves B. circulatory supply for skin of face C. runs into the submandibular gland and goes through submandibular notch at the inferior border of mandible then up into the face D. branches of the facial artery 1. ascending palatine artery a. supplies the soft palate, palatine muscles, tonsils 2. submental artery a. supplies the submandibular lymph nodes, sublingual and submandibular salivary Ms. Cartee’s Notes – Arteries & Veins 1  glands, and mylohyoid and digastric muscles 3. inferior labial artery a. supplies the lower lip tissues including muscles of facial expression 4. superior labial artery a. supplies the upper lip tissues including muscles of facial expression 5. angular artery a. supplies the eyelids and skin of nose 6. lateral nasal artery a. supplies skin and muscles of nose V. maxillary artery of the external carotid A. branches off external carotid in the parotid salivary gland and enters the infratemporal fossa B. divisions of 1. mandibular region branches a. deep auricular - supplies the TMJ, external auditory meatus, and the tympanic membrane b. anterior tympanic - supplies the inside of the tympanic membrane c. middle meningeal - supplies dura mater and cranium - enters cranium through foramen spinosum d. accessory meningeal - supplies dura mater and trigeminal ganglion e. inferior alveolar (follow same path as nerves with same names) - goes into mandibular foramen and runs in the mandibular canal - gives off branches to - teeth (dental branches) - supplies the mandibular posterior teeth before braking off into other branches - alveolar process (alveolar branches) - PDL - buccal and lingual gingiva f. branches of inferior alveolar artery - mylohyoid branch - branches off before entering the foramen and travels in the mylohyoid groove - mylohyoid muscle - anterior belly of digastric - floor of mouth - lingual branch - anterior 2/3rds of tongue - lingual gingiva - floor of mouth - mental artery - leaves the mandibular canal through the mental foramen - supplies skin of chin and mucous membrane of the lower lip - incisive artery - stays in the mandibular canal, divides into dental and alveolar branches - dental branches - supplies mandibular anterior teeth Ms. Cartee’s Notes – Arteries & Veins 2  - alveolar branches - alveolar process, PDL, pulp tissue, gingiva of anterior teeth - a connection (anastomosis) of incisive arteries from the right and left side at the midline 2. pterygoid region branches (serves muscles of mastication) a. masseteric artery - through sigmoid notch - masseter muscle and TMJ b. posterior deep temporal artery - temporal muscle c. anterior deep temporal artery - temporal muscle d. lateral pterygoid artery - lateral (external) pterygoid muscle e. medial pterygoid artery - medial (internal) pterygoid muscle f. buccal artery - gingiva of mand molars - buccinator muscle - skin and mucosa of cheek 3. pterygopalatine region branches a. posterior superior alveolar - maxillary molars and surrounding structures such as buccal gingiva, pulp, PDL b. infraorbital - through inferior orbital fissure, travels through infraorbital canal - supplies branches to eye orbit - gives off the anterior superior alveolar artery and goes through the infraorbital foramen, terminates on face - skin of face c. anterior superior alveolar - anterior teeth, PDL, gingiva, etc... d. middle superior alveolar - premolars and mesial buccal root of 1st molars e. descending palatine - in pterygopalatine fossa - greater palatine - posterior 2/3rds of hard palate - lingual gingiva up to and including the canines - lesser palatine - soft palate and palatine tonsils f. sphenopalatine - goes through sphenopalatine foramen and exits through incisive foramen - supplies same areas as the nasopalatine nerve - lingual gingiva of anterior teeth - connects (anastomoses) with the greater palatine artery VI. lingual artery of the external carotid A. branches off below facial artery Ms. Cartee’s Notes – Arteries & Veins 3  B. goes under the hypoglossus muscle C. terminates with 3 branches 1. sublingual artery - floor of mouth, sublingual gland, mylohyoid muscle, and lingual gingiva 2. dorsal lingual artery - back of the tongue, tonsils, soft palate, and epiglottis 3. deep lingual artery - tip of tongue D. tongue is completely supplied by the lingual artery VII. Important veins A. internal jugular vein 1. drains the brain, head and neck in front of ear B. pterygoid plexus of veins - network of veins that drain into the internal jugular vein C. external jugular vein - drains the structures behind the ear D. posterior superior alveolar vein - drain pulp tissue of max teeth and periodontium including the gingiva E. inferior alveolar vein - drains pulp tissue of mand teeth and periodontium including the gingiva VIII. Most important venous sinus - cavernous A. located on each side of the body of the sphenoid bone near the base of the brain B. can be involved with the spread of infection from teeth or periodontium Ms. Cartee’s Notes – Arteries & Veins 4