Vascular System -2 PDF

HSDH2120 Head & Neck Anatomy Blood supply & lymphatic system Objectives: 7.0 & 8.0 Week 12. Fall 2024 Dr. Jafar Alabdullah  7.0 Blood Supply Learning Objectives: 7.1 External Carotid Artery 7.1.1 Describe branches of the ext...

HSDH2120 Head & Neck Anatomy Blood supply & lymphatic system Objectives: 7.0 & 8.0 Week 12. Fall 2024 Dr. Jafar Alabdullah  7.0 Blood Supply Learning Objectives: 7.1 External Carotid Artery 7.1.1 Describe branches of the external carotid artery 7.1.2 Describe and locate the foramina and pathway of the external carotid artery 7.1.3 Describe tissues supplied by branches of the external carotid artery 7.2 Dental and Oral tissues 7.2.1 Identify blood supply to the dental and oral tissues 7.3 Internal Carotid Artery 7.3.1 Describe branches of the internal carotid artery 7.3.2 Describe and locate the formina and pathway of the internal carotid artery 7.4 Venous Drainage 7.4.1 Describe the venous drainage system of the head and neck 7.4.2 Describe the pathway of the venous return from the teeth and the oral cavity to the heart  Learning resources Illustrated anatomy of the head and neck text book, Chapter 6: Vascular System P. 128- 151 Illustrated anatomy of the head and neck text book, Chapter 10: Lymphatic System P. 227- 248 3  Vascular System Overview The vascular system consists of: 1. Arterial blood supply 2. capillary network 3. venous drainage. 4  Vascular System Overview Artery: arises from the heart and carries blood away from it Arteriole: Each artery starts as a large vessel and branches into smaller vessels, each one a smaller artery or an arteriole 5 Vascular System Overview Capillary: smaller than an arteriole and can supply blood to a larger area because there are so many of them. 6 Vascular System Overview Vein: travels to the heart and carries blood to it Venule: small veins 7 Vascular System Overview Superficial veins are found immediately deep to the skin. Deeper veins usually accompany larger arteries in a more protected location within the tissue. 8 Vascular System Overview Capillary bed, showing the connection between the arterial and venous capillaries as well as lymphatic vessels. 9  Vascular System Overview A large network of blood vessels is a plexus. The head and neck area contains certain important venous plexuses. 10 Vascular System Arterial Blood Supply to Head and Neck 11  Blood Flow 1. Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the vena cava into the right atrium. 2. Blood flows into the right ventricle, which pumps it through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation. 3. Oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins into the left atrium. 4. Blood flows into the left ventricle, which pumps it through the aorta to the body. 5. Capillaries in tissues exchange oxygen and nutrients, while collecting waste. 6. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart, completing the cycle. Blood Flow  Arterial Blood Supply to Head and Neck The major arteries that supply the head and neck include the common carotid and subclavian arteries. 15  Origins to Head For the left side of and Neck the body, the common carotid and subclavian arteries arise directly from the aorta. 16 For the right side of the body, the common carotid and subclavian arteries are both branches from the brachiocephalic artery (a direct branch of the aorta). 17  Common Carotid Artery The common carotid artery is branchless and travels superiorly along the neck, lateral to the trachea and larynx, to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. 18  Common Carotid Artery The common carotid artery ends by dividing into the internal and external carotid arteries at about the level of the larynx. 19 Arterial Blood Supply to Head and Neck Internal Carotid Artery 20  Internal Carotid Artery A division that travels superiorly in a slightly lateral position (in relationship to the external carotid artery) after leaving the common carotid artery. 21  Internal Carotid Artery The internal carotid artery supplies intracranial structures 22 Arterial Blood Supply to Head and Neck External Carotid Artery 23  External Carotid Artery The external carotid artery travels superiorly in a more medial position (in relationship to the internal carotid artery) after arising from the common carotid artery. The external carotid artery supplies the extracranial tissue of the head and neck, including the oral cavity. 24  External Carotid Artery The external carotid artery has four sets of branches grouped according to their location to the main artery: 1. Anterior 2. Medial 3. Posterior 4. Terminal 25 Terminal Branches Posterior branches Medial Branches Anterior Branches 26  1. Superior Thyroid Artery The first branch of the external carotid artery that supplies the thyroid gland, and infrahyoid muscles 28  2. Lingual Artery The lingual artery is an anterior branch from the external carotid It supplies the tissue superior to the hyoid bone including the suprahyoid muscles, floor of the mouth, dorsal of the tongue 29  2. Lingual Artery The lingual artery is a branch of the external carotid artery. Supplying the tongue, sublingual gland, gingiva and oral mucosa of the floor of the mouth. 30  Sublingual Artery The sublingual artery supplies the mylohyoid muscle, sublingual salivary gland, and mucous membranes of the floor of the mouth. 31  3. Facial Artery The facial artery is the branch from the external carotid artery. It arises slightly superior to the lingual artery 32  3. Facial Artery From the inferior border of the mandible, the facial artery runs anteriorly and superiorly near the angle of the mouth and along the side of the nose. 33  3. Facial Artery The facial artery’s major branches include: 1. ascending palatine 2. glandular branches 3. Submental 4. Inferior labial 5. superior labial 6. angular. 34  Branches of the Facial Artery Submental artery supplies the submandibular lymph nodes as well as the mylohyoid and digastric muscles and the submandibular salivary gland.  Branches of the Facial Artery Inferior labial artery supplies the lower lip area including the area’s muscles of facial expression such as the oris muscle Superior labial artery supplies the upper lip area  Branches of the Facial Artery Angular artery is the terminal branch of the facial artery and supplies the lateral side of the naris of the nose  10 Minutes Break  Posterior Branches of External Carotid Artery There are two posterior branches of the external carotid artery: Occipital Posterior auricular. 39  Terminal Branches of External Carotid Artery 41 Terminal Branches Posterior branches Medial Branches Anterior Branches 42  Superficial temporal artery It can be visible under the skin covering the temporal region in the patient. It has several branches including: the transverse facial artery, middle temporal artery, frontal branch, and parietal branch. 43  Maxillary Artery The largest terminal branch of the external carotid artery. (15 Branches) It arises inferior to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and turns to the neck of the mandibular condyle to travel deep to the structures of 44 the face.  Maxillary Artery Infraorbital artery Anterior superior alveolar arteries Middle superior alveolar arteries Posterior superior alveolar arteries Greater palatine artery Inferior alveolar artery 46  Vascular System Venous drainage of Head and Neck 47  Venous drainage of Head and Neck The veins of the head and neck start out as small venules and become larger as they near the base of the neck on their way to the heart. Veins are also generally larger and more numerous than arteries in the same area. The internal jugular vein drains the brain as well as most of the other structures of the head and neck  Facial vein It begins near the medial of the eye. It connects with the deep veins such as the pterygoid plexus of veins before joining the internal jugular vein at the level of the hyoid bone.  Facial vein The superior labial vein drains the upper lip area; the inferior labial vein drains the lower lip area. The submental vein drains the mental region including the chin as well as the submandibular region.  Facial vein The dorsal lingual veins that drain the dorsal surface of the tongue. The highly visible branching blue deep lingual vein noted during an intraoral examination that drains the ventral surface of the tongue, and the sublingual vein that drains the floor of the mouth.  Superficial temporal vein The superficial temporal vein drains the lateral scalp and is superficially located in skin covering the temporal region and can sometimes be noted on a patient during an extraoral examination.  Maxillary vein The maxillary vein is deeper than the superficial temporal vein and begins by collecting blood from the pterygoid plexus of veins. The maxillary vein merges with the superficial temporal vein to drain into and form the retromandibular vein.  Internal Jugular vein It drains most of the structures of the head and neck. It originates in the cranial cavity and leaves the skull. It receives many tributaries including the veins from the lingual, sublingual, and pharyngeal areas as well as the facial vein. The internal jugular vein runs with the common carotid artery and its branches. The internal jugular vein descends in the neck to merge with the subclavian vein.  External Jugular vein The posterior division of the retromandibular vein becomes the external jugular vein. It continues the descent inferiorly along the neck, terminating in the subclavian vein. Usually the external jugular vein is visible as it crosses the large SCM muscle; to increase its visibility, it can be distended by gentle supraclavicular digital pressure to block outflow.  External Jugular vein The anterior jugular vein drains into the external jugular vein before it joins the subclavian vein. It begins inferior to the chin, communicating with veins in the area, and descends.  References Fehrenbach, M. J. and Herring S. W. (2007). Illustrated anatomy of the head and neck, (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. ISBN- 10: 141603403X ISBN-13:9781416034032 Brand, Richard W. and Isselhard, Donald E. (2003). Anatomy of Orofacial Structures, (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby, Inc. ISBN- 13: 978- 0-323-01954-5, ISBN-10: 0-323-01954-4 57