Electricity Consumption and Billing PDF

Subject Code: ADTECH 2 Art, Design and Technology 2 LG Code: 6.0 Lab Part 2: Electricity Consumption and Billing Lesson Code: 6.0 Time Frame: 60 minutes to read xx days to do By the end of th...

Subject Code: ADTECH 2 Art, Design and Technology 2 LG Code: 6.0 Lab Part 2: Electricity Consumption and Billing Lesson Code: 6.0 Time Frame: 60 minutes to read xx days to do By the end of this learning guide, scholars should be able to: Understand and analyze their electricity bill. Calculate the estimated energy consumption of a household appliance or 1 gadget based on their voltage and power rating. Evaluate the use of household appliances w/ respect to energy consumption. CHOOSE YOUR POISON: High Current or High Voltage 3 Careless treatment of circuits can lead to electrocution. Many people ask about what is more dangerous, high current or high voltage? Figure 1. Warning signs in Hong Kong [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: HK_Sheung_Wan_No8_Rumsey_Street_Z one_Substation_HK_Electric_Power_Tran sformer_2_Danger_a.jpg] The answer is: even a low current from a low voltage source can kill you. A very high voltage is not sufficient by itself to be dangerous. It is current that passes through your body that could be very dangerous. In electricity, work is accomplished by the movement of electrons. The force of one volt producing a current of one ampere through one ohm of resistance is equal to one watt of power. This force can be harnessed to do useful work, but even a low power appliance can cause a dangerous current if YOU become part of the circuit. Btw a game console draws 0.86 A or 860 mA (www.electricalsafetyfirst.org.uk). So if your insulation somehow gets wrecked… what a shock you’ll get! Figure 2. Un-safety Poster [Source: http://johnnygeo-blog.blogspot.com/] LGv2 6.0 November 2021 ADTECH 2 (Gr8) Page 1 of 9  UNDERSTANDING YOUR 25 ELECTRICITY BILL (Part 2) You may be wondering why we’re learning about power and energy, and why there’s a need to make computations about this stuff. Electricity is considered as one of the most used forms of energy. We are so dependent on it in our daily lives. But this energy is NOT FREE and we pay our monthly consumption of electricity to electricity generating companies and cooperatives. This is one of the reasons why we should learn these basic computations. On the global scale, you can contribute to conserving resources and reducing your personal carbon footprint by being mindful of the electrical and electronic items that you use Figure 3. Sample Meralco Electricity Bill. Total KWH → Pertains to the total power usage for the household in a one month period. Total current amount → Pertains to the electricity bill the household needs to pay (may include unsettled/unpaid bills. Generation Cost → Pertains to the cost of actually generating electricity (not yet including bringing the power from the power plant to the household). Summary of other costs → Leads to calculation of effective rate and total cost. LGv2 6.0 November 2021 ADTECH 2 (Gr8) Page 2 of 9  Figure 4. Excerpts from May and June 2017 TIELCO Electricity Bills. [Jobe Yap, 2020] Electricity bills from different electricity providers and cooperatives provide different looking bill statements. However, both contain mostly similar details as can be seen from Figure 3 and 4. The most important amounts to look out for are: 1. Total KWH used 2. Total Charge/Current Amount 3. Generation Cost 4. Rate per KWH As can be observed, the RATE PER KWH could not be directly found in the Meralco bill of Figure 3—unlike in Figure 4. However, this does not mean that the data is unavailable in the Meralco bill. This component of the electricity bill pertains to the price per KW TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY for an hour. Meaning, if a household uses 1 KW of electricity in one hour, they pay around ₱6.17 for the generation cost. So, for the TIELCO bills in Figure 4, the household pays (342KWH) x (₱6.17/KWH) = ₱2,110.14 to TIELCO for the cost of generating electricity alone. NOTE: This does not include other charges such as transmission costs, distribution costs, etc yet. Take note that each region does not have the same rate per KWH due to many factors. LGv2 6.0 November 2021 ADTECH 2 (Gr8) Page 3 of 9 For the Meralco Bill, the rate per KWH can be computed from Generation Cost and Total KWH. Dividing ₱759.31 ÷ 185KWH, you get a rate per KWH of ₱4.104/KWH. EFFECTIVE RATE PER KWH → One more detail that is not readily or directly available in electricity bills is the effective rate per KWH. It pertains to the OVERALL COST OF ELECTRICITY for your household (Generation Cost + Other Charges such as transmission & distribution, etc). Effective Rate Per KWH = Total Charges ÷ Total KWH So for the MERALCO Bill: ₱1,565.84 ÷ 185KWH = ₱8.464/KWH While for the TIELCO Bill: ₱3,517.14 ÷ 342KWH = ₱10.284/KWH As you can see, cost of electricity provided by TIELCO (in Odiongan, Romblon) is generally more expensive than that of MERALCO (NCR). By the way, the KWH used is measured by an electric meter. This device is usually placed in a visible place outside the house. See if you can find it and take a photo. If you live in a condominium, ask the building manager where the electric meters are located. Here are examples of an Electric meter, also called a Watt-Hour Meter Figure 5. Analog Electric Meter Figure 6. Smart Electric Meter Figure 7. Single-Phase Electronic https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/- https://5.imimg.com/data5/WA/AI/MY- Meter A0AAOSwuxFYtuUk/s-l300.jpg 43646231/smart-electrical-meter- https://n4.sdlcdn.com/imgs/a/t/8/Power- 500x500.jpg India-Meters-Single-Phase- SDL034545925-1-d261e.jpg From Figure 5, the reading is 11,224 KWH. 1 1 2 2 4 Unit: Kilowatt-Hour Figure 8. Enlarged Meter Reading from Figure 5. LGv2 6.0 November 2021 ADTECH 2 (Gr8) Page 4 of 9  ENERGY ESTIMATE PROJECT 25% of your grade 30 + + You can spend more than 30 minutes on this activity. Your teacher will set the deadline for submission. Now that you know how to estimate your monthly electricity bill, let’s investigate how much it costs to use each appliance. This is an exercise in estimation – sometimes called “Guesstimation”. You use existing data to make an educated guess or projection based on some models or assumptions. PART A 1. List down at least ten (10) appliances, gadgets, light bulbs – stuff that uses electricity. 2. Each appliance has a power rating written or marked on it. Check out if it’s in Watts or kilo- Watts. 3. If it doesn’t indicate the power rating, you can calculate it from the OPERATING/OUTPUT VOLTAGE & CURRENT. Most gadgets will give you the output voltage (in V) and current rating (in A). Remember: VxI=P WARNING: DO NOT USE INPUT VOLTAGE (POWER SOURCE) 4. Determine the number of hours each appliance is being used daily for one week and compute an estimated weekly total. 5. From YOUR ELECTRIC BILL (meaning, you have to look for the one in your household), a. Get the RATE PER KWH. b. Get the EFFECTIVE RATE PER KWH. 6. Calculate the estimated total cost of energy consumption per item per week. 7. Use the format provided at the end of this LG (also provided as a pdf and Excel file by your teacher LG ADT2 Q2 Table for Energy Estimate). You are encouraged to use a spreadsheet for the calculations. PART B The goal is to save money through your electricity bill. You can do this by focusing on the items that consume more energy. The plan is to be able to save at least P180.00 as quickly as possible. This is so that you can treat your nanay or your crush to Starbucks out of the savings from the electricity bill. Make a proposed plan on how you’ll be able to save P180.00 from your electricity bill. In other words, how will you be able to lessen your electrical consumption, and how much can you save per month to achieve the goal. 1. Use the EFFECTIVE RATE PER KWH from Part A for your computations. 2. Use your data from Part A to identify the devices that consume the most energy, or which become energy vampires at home (will be discussed later in the LG). 3. You should only use three to five (3-5) appliances/gadgets/lights in the proposal. LGv2 6.0 November 2021 ADTECH 2 (Gr8) Page 5 of 9  4. Empathize with your family members by talking about what procedures they can agree to. For example, will they be willing to use an electric fan instead of an aircon? Who will be responsible for unplugging vampire appliances? 5. Provide the usual estimated hours of usage and proposed reduced hours of usage of each household appliance and gadget in your proposal, with comments on how your family will implement this. 6. Guesstimated effect on your electric bill in terms of projected savings PER MONTH (in KWH and PHP). 7. Based on the previous item, provide the projected time frame for when you will be able to save P180.00 (One week? Five months?). 8. Use the format provided at the end of this LG (also provided as a pdf and Excel file by your teacher LG ADT2 Q2 Table for Energy Estimate). 9. Be sure to INCLUDE COMPUTATIONS (a spreadsheet is recommended) that will clearly show how you will be able to reduce your monthly electrical consumption and be able to save money from it. Suggested Grading Criteria Energy Estimate Part A Correct values for each line item (device) 1.5 pts each TOTAL (A) 15 pts Energy Estimate Part B 3 to 5 household appliances and 6 pts proposed reduced hours of usage Projected savings per month in KWH 2 pts (with calculations or spreadsheet) Projected savings per month in PhP 1 pt (with calculations or spreadsheet) Projected time frame to save P180.00 1 pt (with calculations or spreadsheet) TOTAL (B) 10 pts GRAND TOTAL 25/25 points LGv2 6.0 November 2021 ADTECH 2 (Gr8) Page 6 of 9  ★ SOME TIPS & HELPFUL STUFF★ Some examples: The power consumption of this washing Figure 9. Details for a Sharp Washing Machine. machine is estimated at 330 Watts per From J. Yap (2020). hour. This speaker uses around 5 Watts per Figure 10. Details for the hour (5 V x 1 A). Consumption of Oontz angle 3 bluetooth electricity while charging will depend on speaker. the charger. From M. Xavier (2020). Figure 11. Details for an Asus laptop. This laptop uses 19V x 3.42 A = 64.98 Note that the laptop charger W, or 65 Watts per hour. has the same specifications. From M. Xavier (2020). Cashalo (2018) lists seven (7) appliances that are the biggest contributors in a typical Filipino household. Look at the Energy Estimate table you made and compare. 1. Air conditioner (Typical hourly consumption: 600 to 2700 watts) The KwH consumption of air conditioners depends on horsepower (HP). For example, an aircon unit with 0.5 HP will use about 600 watts, while a 2.5 HP aircon will consume approximately 2,700 watts. 2. Clothes dryer (Typical hourly consumption: 4,000 watts) 3. Refrigerator (Typical hourly consumption: 1,000 watts) 4. Flat iron (Typical hourly consumption: 800 to 2,000 watts) 5. Desktop computer (Typical hourly consumption: 400 watts) Even when your computer is in sleep or standby mode, it’s still running and consuming energy. This explains why a computer starts up quickly with just a move of the mouse. A good rule of thumb is to completely shut down your computer if you’re not going to use it for the next 2 hours. 6. Television (Typical hourly consumption: 80 to 400 watts) 7. Incandescent light bulb (Typical hourly consumption: 60 watts) → excerpted from https://www.cashalo.com/blog/home-appliances-that-cost-the-most-on- your-electricity-bill/ LGv2 6.0 November 2021 ADTECH 2 (Gr8) Page 7 of 9  Figure 12. Vampire Minion. https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/ 790663278319059398/ OPTIONAL: You can also read up on standby power or “vampire power” here https://www.srpnet.com/en ergy/DIY/vampire.aspx - excerpted from https://www.srpnet.com/energy/DIY/vampire.aspx LASTLY!!! You may access the sample Google Spreadsheet through this link: https://bit.ly/ADT2EnergyEstimate The file is “view only” so you’ll have to “Make a copy” or “Download” the file first before you can use it. Time to work on your Energy Estimate Project! Take note that only the same type of item with different specifications can be placed 1 separately e.g 3 W light bulb and 12 W lightbulb can be placed as different items. You may leave the Voltage and Current columns/cells blank if the Power rating/consumption is the only information given. Note: Your teachers can adjust the assessments, rubrics, submission dates, and type of activity, in short, anything and everything, depending on the situation of each campus. LGv2 6.0 November 2021 ADTECH 2 (Gr8) Page 8 of 9 References: Campbell, U. (2016, May 9). The biggest sources of residential energy consumption. Connect 4 Climate. https://www.connect4climate.org/article/biggest-sources-residential-energy- consumption Campbell, U. (2016, May 9). What uses the most energy in your home? [Infographic]. https://www.connect4climate.org/infographics/what-uses-most-energy-your-home Cashalo. (2018, December 4). Home appliances that cost the most on your electricity bill. https://www.cashalo.com/blog/home-appliances-that-cost-the-most-on-your-electricity-bill/ Kuryente. (n.d.). About kuryente. http://www.kuryente.org.ph/about-us Kuryente. (n.d.). Magkano ba kuryente mo?| http://www.kuryente.org.ph/ Kuryente. (n.d.). The Philippine electric power industry. http://www.kuryente.org.ph/kuryente-101 SRP. (n.d.). Slay the energy vampires in your home. https://www.srpnet.com/energy/DIY/vampire.aspx Written and Reviewed by: Writers: Reviewers: Jobe M. Yap Randy Joseph G. Fernandez Special Science Teacher II Special Science Teacher II PSHS-MRC PSHS-CLC Boon Kristoffer P. Lauw Lyndon R. Bermoy Special Science Teacher II Special Science Teacher III PSHS-MC PSHS-CRC © 2021 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. No part of these Learning Guides may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, Philippine Science High School System. For permission requests, write to Philippine Science High School System, addressed “Attention: PSHSS Learning Guide Permissions Coordinator,” at [email protected]. LGv2 6.0 November 2021 ADTECH 2 (Gr8) Page 9 of 9