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Philosophy is from the Greek words Philo-(loving) and Sophia(knowledge, wisdom). SOCRATES - For Socrates the self is synonymous with the soul. He believes that every human possesses an immortal soul that survives the physical body. Plato - He was the student of Socrates.He introduces the idea of a...

Philosophy is from the Greek words Philo-(loving) and Sophia(knowledge, wisdom). SOCRATES - For Socrates the self is synonymous with the soul. He believes that every human possesses an immortal soul that survives the physical body. Plato - He was the student of Socrates.He introduces the idea of a three-part soul/self-reason, physical appetite, and spirit or passion. The self/soul/mind according to Plato, is the best aspect of the human beings by which the FORMS (ideas) are known. ST. AGUSTINE - In his work, Confessions, Augustine describes that humankind is created in the image and likeness of God. Everything created by God is all good. Therefore, the human person, being a creation of God is always geared towards the good. RENE DESCARTES - the act of thinking about the self – of being self-conscious – I in it proof that there is a self. He asserted that everything perceived by the senses could not be used as proof of existence because human senses could be fooled. JOHN LOCKE - He expanded the definition of the “self” that includes the memories of that thinking thing. He feels that the “self” or personal identity is basically constructed from the experiences – like what people see, smell, taste, hear and feel. He also interpreted that to mean the “self” - it must consist of memory; meaning the person existing today is the same person yesterday (Natsoulas, 1994; Fuchs, 2017). David Hume - if people carefully examine their sense of experience through the process of introspection, they will discover that there is no self. what people experience is just bundle or collection of different perceptions Immanuel Kant - His concept of self revolves around the idea of the inner self (transcendental self) and the outer self (empirical self.)The inner self includes our emotions and rational intellect. Gilbert Ryle - The self is shown through our actions and behaviors. Paul Churchland - The self is a product of brain activity rather than a separate entity. SIGMUND FREUD - The theory stresses the influence of unconscious fears, desires and motivation on thoughts and behavior. Sociological view of the SELF Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929) was an American sociologist known for his theory, “Looking-Glass Self.” 3 stages of looking glass self IMAGINATION - We imagine how we appear to others INTERPRETATION - We imagine how others judge us SELF-FEELING - We develop our self-concept Preparatory Stage(Imitation)- The preparatory stage starts from birth to age two (2). Within this stage, children copy others but don’t understand their actions, words, or tone of voice Play Stage(Taking on Roles)- During this period, children engage in imaginative play. They pretend and still do not follow the rules within organized games. Game Stage(Understanding multiple roles) - Typically begins at age seven (7). Children start to comprehend and follow the rules of games, take on roles independently, and consider others’ perspectives, forming the concept of “generalized others.”