Philosophers of the Self: UTS PDF

SOCRATES DAVID HUME - Ancient Greek Philosopher - Scottish philosopher - “Know Thyself” - Self is just an illusion - True wisdom comes from introspection and -...

SOCRATES DAVID HUME - Ancient Greek Philosopher - Scottish philosopher - “Know Thyself” - Self is just an illusion - True wisdom comes from introspection and - He proposed the Bundle Theory: the self is a self-examination bundle of perceptions, thoughts, and sensations PLATO IMMANUEL KANT - Ancient Greek Philosopher - The self is immortal and independent of the - German Philosopher body - The Inner Self includes our emotions and - He believed in the Tripartite Theory of the rational intellect Soul - The Outer Self is our physical and senses *Tripartite Theory of the Soul – Reason, Spirit, and Appetite SIGMUND FREUD - Austrian neurologist ARISTOTLE - His concept of self is focused on the ego - The ego serves as a mediator between the - Ancient Greek Philosopher and Polymath superego and the id - Body and Soul are Inseparable from one another *Superego = good | Id = bad - The Self is a unified creature GILBERT RYLE SAINT AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO - British philosopher - Theologian and Philosopher - Self is shown through actions and behaviors - Self is deeply intertwined with God - He coined the phrase “ghost in the machine” - Through God’s grace, we find self-fulfillment PAUL CHURCHLAND REÑE DESCARTES - Canadian philosopher - French philosopher, scientist, and - Self is a product of brain activity mathematician - He studied neurophilosophy or the - “I think, therefore I am.” philosophy of the mind - He proposed dualism: the mind and the body MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY JOHN LOCKE - French philosopher - English philosopher and physician - Self is shaped by our physical body and - Tabula Rasa senses - Self is shaped by memories and experience - He rejected the idea of dualism. Society – influences our identity, thoughts, feelings, and actions from birth. Negative society can improve ourselves GEORGE HERBERT MEAD - 1863-1931 Sociologist – studies human behavior, interaction, - American philosopher and sociologist and organization - Social Self theory - “Society is unity in diversity” CHARLES HORTON COOLEY ASPECTS OF THE SOCIAL SELF THEORY - 1864-1929 - American Sociologist 1. The “I” and “Me” self - Looking-glass Self theory - “I” doing actions without - The self is not something we possess, but consequences something we continually create and - “Me” following rules recreate. 2. Role taking - Role – doing for others - Taking – the others understand what 3 STAGES OF LOOKING GLASS SELF THEORY you do 3. Significant Others and Generalized Others 1. Imagination - Significant Others – people who directly - We imagine how others judge us. We influence you envision how others might view our - Generalized Others – influenced by the actions and behaviors. standard rules of the society 2. Interpretation - We image how we appear to others. We STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT consider the reactions and judgements 1. Preparatory Stage (Imitation) of others towards our behaviors. - Starts from ages 0 to 2 3. Self-feeling - Children copy others but don’t - We form an understanding of understand their actions, words, or ourselves. Our self-concept is shaped tone of voice. by the feedback and responses we 2. Play Stage (Taking on Roles) receive from others - Starts from ages 3 to 6 - Children engage in imaginative play 3. Game Stage (Understanding Multiple Roles) - Begins at age 7 - Children start to comprehend and follow the rules of the game