Urology Exam Questions for 4th Year Medical Students PDF

*Urology exam questions for 4^th^ year medical department students* **Signs and symptoms in urology** 1. Difference between the clinical manifestations of anuria and ischuria. 2. Signs and symptoms typical for tuberculous inflammation of the kidneys and urinary tract 3. Voiding sympto...

*Urology exam questions for 4^th^ year medical department students* **Signs and symptoms in urology** 1. Difference between the clinical manifestations of anuria and ischuria. 2. Signs and symptoms typical for tuberculous inflammation of the kidneys and urinary tract 3. Voiding symptoms. 4. Storage symptoms. 5. Causes of flank pain due to a kidney and/or upper urinary tract disease. 6. Types of urinary incontinence. Symptoms. Diagnostics. 7. Hematuria. Classification. Diagnostics. Treatment options. 8. Leukocyturia. Possible causes. Diagnostics. Treatment options. 9. Urethrorrhagia. Possible causes. Diagnostics. First aid. **Radiologic and non-radiologic investigations in urology** 1. Diagnostic value of ultrasound investigation for various conditions and/or diseases of the kidneys and upper urinary tract 2. Diagnostic value of ultrasound investigation for various conditions and/or diseases of the lower urinary tract and prostate 3. Types of X-ray investigations for kidney and upper urinary tract conditions and/or diseases. Indications and contraindications for X-ray investigations. Basic X-ray symptoms. 4. Types of X-ray investigations for lower urinary tract conditions and/or diseases Indications and contraindications for X-ray investigations. Basic X-ray symptoms. 5. Diagnostic value of MRI. Indications and contraindications for MRI. 6. Computed tomography in urologic patients. Diagnostic value. Indications and contraindications. 7. Bosniak cyst classification **Instrumental investigations in urology** 1. Cystoscopy. Diagnostic value. Indications and contraindications. 2. Ureterorenoscopy. Diagnostic value. Indications and contraindications. 3. Bladder catheterization. Indications and contraindications. Types of catheters. 4. Upper urinary tract draining. Types. Indications and contraindications. 5. Suprapubic cystostomy. Indications and contraindications. Suprapubic cystostomy procedure step by step. **Stone kidney disease** 1. SKD: clinical symptoms. 2. SKD: types of kidney stones 3. SKD: diagnostics 4. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL). Indications and contraindications. 5. Lithokinetic therapy for SKD: Modern treatment strategies. 6. Kidney stones: possible treatment options. Indications and contraindications. 7. Ureter stones: modern treatment options. Indications and contraindications. 8. Litholytic therapy: modern treatment options. Indications and contraindications. 9. Bladder stones: possible causes of stone formation. Treatment options. Indications and contraindicatios. 10. Upper urinary tract draining for SKD: types. Indications and contraindications. 11. SKD: Basic principles of **methaphilactic** of urolithiasis. **Acute pyelonephritis** 1. Acute pyelonephritis. Definition. Clinical symptoms. Classification. Diagnostics. 2. Acute pyelonephritis. Definition. Clinical symptoms. Classification. Possible complications. 3. Acute pyelonephritis: basic principles of diagnostics and treatment. 4. Differential diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis **Emergency conditions in urology** 1. Acute renal failure (ARF) Pathogenesis. Phases. Principles of diagnosis and treatment 2. ARF: pathogenesis. Phases.. Indications for dialysis. 3. ARF: life threatening conditions. Treatment options. 4. Gross hematuria: types. Possible causes. Diagnostics. Treatment options. 5. Ishuria. Diagnostics. First aid. 6. Renal colic. Definition. Causes. Diagnostics. First aid. 7. Anuria. Definition. Classification. Symptoms. Diagnostics. First aid. 8. Renal and upper urinary tract trauma. Classification. Symptoms. Diagnostics. 9. Renal and upper urinary tract trauma. Treatment options based on the severity of injury. 10. Ureteral trauma. Clinical symptoms. Diagnostics. Treatment options. 11. Bladder trauma. Pathogenesis Symptoms.Diagnostics. 12. Bladder trauma treatment based on the severity of injury. 13. Urethral trauma. Clinical symptoms. Diagnostics. First aid 14. Testicular torsion. Clinical symptoms. Diagnostics. First aid 15. Penile fracture. Diagnostics and treatment. Differential diagnosis. **Kidney and upper urinary tract tumors. Bladder tumors** 1. Kidney tumors. Classification. Clinical symptoms. Differential diagnosis. 2. Kidney tumors treatment. 3. Upper urinary tract tumors. Etiology. Symptoms. Diagnostics. 4. Stage based upper urinary tract tumors treatment. 5. Bladder tumors. Classification. Etiology. Symptoms and diagnostics. 6. Stage based bladder tumors treatment **Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)** 1. BPH. Epidemiology. Etiology and pathophysiology. Symptoms. Stages 2. BPH. Symptoms and diagnotics. 3. BPH. Symptoms. Stages. Treatment options. 4. Differential diagnosis of benign diseases of the prostate. 5. Differential diagnosis for lower urinary tract symptoms. 6. BPH: treatment. **Prostate cancer (PCa)** 1. PCa. Epidemiology. Diagnostics anf staging. 2. PCa. Symptoms. Diagnostics. Indications for prostate biopsy. 3. PCa screening. Differential diagnosis of the diseases of the prostate. 4. Pca: surgical treatment options. Indications and contraindications. 5. Prostate cancer therapy. 6. PCa: diagnostics. **Scrotal and penile diseases** 1. Hydrocele. Symptoms. Types of hydrocele. Diagnostics. Treatment 2. Varicocele. Epidemiology. Etiology and pathogenesis. Diagnostics. Classification. Treatment. 3. Cryptorchidism. Epidemiology. Etiology and pathogenesis. Diagnostics. Classification. Treatment. 4. Epididymitis. Etiology and pathogenesis. Symptoms. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Treatment. 5. Orchitis. Etiology and pathogenesis. Symptoms. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Treatment 6. Testicular cancer. Epidemiology. Classification. Symptoms. Diagnostics. Treatment 7. Balanitis and balanoposthitis. Phimosis. Peyronie\'s disease. Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment. Complications. 8. Male infertility. Epidemiology. Causes. Diagnostics. Treatment