Olympic A&P Study Guide PDF

Olympic a&p study guide week of jan 21 1. **Which structure plays a key role in personality development and emotional behavior expression?** *Answer:* Frontal lobe 2. **The biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus are known as?** *Answer:* Hamstrings 3. **What does cerebrospinal fl...

Olympic a&p study guide week of jan 21 1. **Which structure plays a key role in personality development and emotional behavior expression?** *Answer:* Frontal lobe 2. **The biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus are known as?** *Answer:* Hamstrings 3. **What does cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) do?** *Answer:* Circulates around the CNS within the subarachnoid space, formed by the choroid plexus, and does not normally contain blood 4. **What is the function of myelination?** *Answer:* Increases the speed of nerve impulses along the axon 5. **The rectus, transversus, internal oblique, and external oblique refer to?** *Answer:* Abdominal muscles 6. **What does the corpus callosum connect?** *Answer:* The right and left cerebral hemispheres 7. **What happens at the neuromuscular junction?** *Answer:* Binding of acetylcholine to nicotinic receptors on the muscle membrane 8. **The frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes form the?** *Answer:* Cerebrum 9. **What are the fold-like elevations on the cerebrum's surface called?** *Answer:* Convolutions or gyri 10. **What does a tendon do?** *Answer:* Attaches muscle to bone 11. **Where is calcium stored in a relaxed skeletal muscle?** *Answer:* Sarcoplasmic reticulum 12. **Which muscle is located on the posterior body?** *Answer:* Latissimus dorsi 13. **What does contraction of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle do?** *Answer:* Rotates the head down and to the left 14. **Where do the quadriceps femoris group and hamstrings lie?** *Answer:* Along the thigh 15. **Which muscle helps turn the head down and to the left or right?** *Answer:* Sternocleidomastoid 16. **The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are referred to as the?** *Answer:* Brainstem 17. **Elevated blood levels of creatine phosphate indicate?** *Answer:* Muscle damage 18. **What happens when electrical signals travel through the T-tubules?** *Answer:* Causes the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 19. **What muscle surrounds the mouth?** *Answer:* Orbicularis oris 20. **Which muscle extends the forearm and is used in crutch walking?** *Answer:* Triceps brachii --- Let me process the remaining cards to ensure all 93 are covered. Here is the continuation of the flashcards to complete the set: --- 21. **Which space contains cerebrospinal fluid?** *Answer:* Subarachnoid space 22. **What does the corpus callosum do?** *Answer:* Connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres 23. **What muscle is known as the "smiling muscle"?** *Answer:* Zygomaticus 24. **Through which structure does the medulla oblongata descend into the vertebral cavity?** *Answer:* Foramen magnum 25. **What type of nervous tissue conducts a nerve impulse?** *Answer:* Neuron 26. **What does the somatic motor neuron release into the neuromuscular junction?** *Answer:* Acetylcholine (ACh) 27. **Where must the muscles involved in mastication insert?** *Answer:* Mandible 28. **Which of the following is true of the medulla oblongata?** *Answer:* It is sensitive to opioids, located in the brainstem, and is an infratentorial structure 29. **What are the meninges?** *Answer:* Protective layers around the brain and spinal cord 30. **What muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is the chief breathing muscle?** *Answer:* Diaphragm 31. **What makes white matter white?**  *Answer:* Myelin 32. **What stores neurotransmitters within a neuron?** *Answer:* Axon terminals 33. **What muscle raises the eyelids?** *Answer:* Levator palpebrae superioris 34. **What does the term "myasthenia" mean?** *Answer:* Muscle weakness 35. **Which muscle type is striated and involuntary?** *Answer:* Cardiac muscle 36. **Which muscles flex the forearm at the elbow?** *Answer:* Brachialis and brachioradialis 37. **What are the muscles of the quadriceps femoris group?** *Answer:* Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius 38. **What protein forms cross-bridges with actin?** *Answer:* Myosin 39. **What structure connects muscle to bone?** *Answer:* Tendon 40. **What does the efflux of K+ (potassium) during an action potential cause?** *Answer:* Repolarization --- 41. **Which of the following does NOT refer to the thin filament?** *Answer:* Myosin 42. **What is true of chewing muscles?** *Answer:* They must attach to the mandible 43. **What is true of the diencephalon?** *Answer:* Contains the thalamus and hypothalamus 44. **What is true of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?** *Answer:* Circulates within the subarachnoid space 45. **Which type of muscle requires stimulation by a somatic motor neuron?** *Answer:* Skeletal muscle 46. **What is true of the occipital lobe?** *Answer:* Contains the primary visual cortex 47. **What is true of the temporal lobe?**  *Answer:* Contains the primary auditory cortex 48. **What is the fatty insulating material surrounding axons?** *Answer:* Myelin 49. **What does the medulla oblongata become as it descends?** *Answer:* Spinal cord 50. **CSF circulates through all structures EXCEPT?** *Answer:* Foramen magnum 51. **What best describes the arachnoid mater?** *Answer:* A meninge resembling a spider web 52. **What does myelination do?** *Answer:* Increases the speed of action potential along the axon 53. **What is the first phase of the action potential caused by the inward movement of sodium?** *Answer:* Depolarization 54. **What muscles are located between the ribs to aid breathing?** *Answer:* Intercostal muscles 55. **Which muscle is located in the lower extremities?** *Answer:* Peroneus longus 56. **What is true of the hypothalamus?** *Answer:* Controls the pituitary gland, regulates body temperature, and secretes releasing hormones 57. **What is actin?** *Answer:* A contractile protein in the thin filament 58. **What do the occipital and temporal lobes have in common?** *Answer:* Both are cerebral lobes 59. **What contractile protein does calcium bind to?** *Answer:* Troponin 60. **What is located within the subarachnoid space?** *Answer:* Cerebrospinal fluid --- 61. **Which is NOT a facial muscle?** *Answer:* Sternocleidomastoid 62. **What is most likely caused by injury to the occipital lobe?** *Answer:* Loss of vision 63. **What structure regulates the pituitary gland, appetite, body temperature, and the autonomic nervous system?**  *Answer:* Hypothalamus 64. **What connects the pituitary gland to the brain?** *Answer:* Hypothalamus 65. **Which flat muscle covers the forehead and raises the eyebrows?** *Answer:* Frontalis 66. **Which muscle flattens the cheek and positions food between teeth?** *Answer:* Buccinator 67. **What is the resting membrane potential caused by?** *Answer:* Outward leak of potassium 68. **What is the purpose of myoglobin?** *Answer:* To store oxygen 69. **The calf muscle (gastrocnemius) attaches to the calcaneus via what structure?** *Answer:* Achilles tendon 70. **Which term refers to the chest muscles?** *Answer:* Pectoralis 71. **What is the middle layer of the meninges that resembles a spider web?** *Answer:* Arachnoid mater 72. **Which muscles are located on the posterior thigh?** *Answer:* Hamstrings 73. **What is responsible for muscle relaxation?** *Answer:* Calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum 74. **What triggers the release of ACh from the prejunctional membrane?** *Answer:* Nerve action potential 75. **What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?** *Answer:* Cushions the brain, delivers nutrients, and removes waste 76. **What best describes a sphincter muscle?** *Answer:* Encircles an opening 77. **What is the function of the masseter muscle?** *Answer:* Chews food 78. **What triggers acetylcholine release from neurons?** *Answer:* Nerve impulse 79. **What is true of actin and myosin?** *Answer:* Form cross-bridges, are sliding filaments, and are contractile proteins 80. **Which muscles move the arm at the shoulder?**  *Answer:* Rotator cuff muscles 81. **Where is cerebrospinal fluid formed?** *Answer:* Choroid plexus 82. **What is NOT true of the medulla oblongata?** *Answer:* It does not control executive functions 83. **What are the four major brain regions?** *Answer:* Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum 84. **What is associated with the parietal lobe?** *Answer:* Somatosensory area 85. **What are the "toe dancer's muscles"?** *Answer:* Gastrocnemius and soleus 86. **What restores the neuron's internal negativity during an action potential?** *Answer:* Efflux of K+ (potassium) 87. **Where does the pituitary gland sit beneath?** *Answer:* Hypothalamus 88. **What does the orbicularis oculi muscle encircle?** *Answer:* The eye 89. **What synthesizes myelin in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves?** *Answer:* Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes 90. **What is the depression between cerebral convolutions called?** *Answer:* Sulcus 91. **What is true of the occipital lobe?** *Answer:* Contains the primary visual cortex 92. **Which muscle flattens the cheek?** *Answer:* Buccinator 93. **What is the chief breathing muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities?** *Answer:* Diaphragm