Biology Questions: Elements, Atoms, Molecules, and More
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Chattanooga State Community College
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Summary
This document contains practice questions covering fundamental biology concepts, including elements, atoms, molecules, chemical bonds, and metabolism. These questions are designed to help students understand key biochemical processes and structures relevant to the human body.
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Define the terms: element, atom, molecule, and compound. List the six elements that comprise 98.5% of our body weight. Describe the three particles that make up an atom and their arrangement in an atom. Calculate the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons in an atom if given the...
Define the terms: element, atom, molecule, and compound. List the six elements that comprise 98.5% of our body weight. Describe the three particles that make up an atom and their arrangement in an atom. Calculate the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons in an atom if given the atomic number and atomic mass/mass number. Define the terms isotope and radioactive isotope. Describe ways we can use radioactive isotopes in medicine. Discuss how cations and anions are formed. List each type of chemical bond in order of relative strength. Discuss the “octet rule” and how we apply it to predict which type of chemical bond will be formed. Explain the mechanism of ionic bonds, non-polar covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds. List a biological example of each type of bond. Define the term mixture, solution, solute, solvent, colloid, and suspension. Describe the five biologically important properties of water. Describe which types of molecules will easily mix with water and which will not. Define hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis. Define the terms pH, acid, base, and buffer. Define energy and work. Differentiate between potential energy and kinetic energy. Differentiate between decomposition reactions and synthesis reactions and be able to give examples of each. Describe the three factors that will increase reaction rates. Define metabolism and its two subdivisions. Define the term organic molecule. Explain the relationship between macromolecules, monomers, and polymers. Describe hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis. Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates and their functions. Describe how all lipids are related. Describe the structure and functions of triglycerides and phospholipids. Describe how triglycerides are transported in the human body. Describe what “parent” steroid from which the other steroids are synthesized. Describe the structure of an amino acid and a peptide bond. Explain the four levels of organization of protein structure and how these contribute to so many different proteins. Differentiate between a fibrous protein and a globular protein. Discuss the two major ways to denature a protein. Describe some functions of proteins in the human body. Define an enzyme and describe the characteristics of enzymes. Describe the three nucleic acids in the human body and their basic function. Describe the composition of nucleotides.
