Fundamentals Midterm Q&A PDF

Fundamentals Midterm Q&A Levels of Prevention Q: What are the three levels of prevention? ​ Answer: ○​ Primary Prevention: Promotes healthy habits (e.g., diet, exercise, immunization). ○​ Secondary Prevention: Involves screening and early detection (e.g., mammograms, blood...

Fundamentals Midterm Q&A Levels of Prevention Q: What are the three levels of prevention? ​ Answer: ○​ Primary Prevention: Promotes healthy habits (e.g., diet, exercise, immunization). ○​ Secondary Prevention: Involves screening and early detection (e.g., mammograms, blood pressure checks). ○​ Tertiary Prevention: Focuses on managing chronic illness (e.g., insulin administration for diabetes). Q: If a patient needs to administer insulin, what level of prevention is this? ​ Answer: Tertiary prevention Environmental Elements Q: What are the six elements of the environment? ​ Answer: Temperature, ventilation, lighting, noise, odor, humidity Common Reasons for Hospitalization Q: What is the most common reason for adults to be hospitalized? ​ Answer: Incontinence Biological Theories of Aging Q: Which theory suggests that environmental toxins damage cells? ​ Answer: Free Radical Theory Isolation Precautions Q: What precautions should be taken for a patient with MRSA or streptococcus? ​ Answer: Contact precautions Q: How should a nurse care for a patient with C. diff? ​ Answer:  ○​ Use contact precautions and provide a private room ○​ Wash hands with soap and water ○​ Wear a protective gown and gloves ○​ Remove PPE in the patient’s room Vital Signs and Medical Terms Q: What term is used for a heart rate below 60 bpm? ​ Answer: Bradycardia Q: What symptom might a patient with bradycardia experience? ​ Answer: Dizziness Q: How do you check for orthostatic hypotension? ​ Answer: Measure blood pressure while the client is supine. Q: What action should the nurse take if a client’s rectal temperature is 35°C? ​ Answer: Apply a warm blanket to the client. Nursing Process and Critical Thinking Q: What is the first step in the nursing process? ​ Answer: Assessment Q: What are the steps of critical thinking? ​ Answer: Analysis Ethical Principles Q: Which ethical principle involves protecting a client’s safety and doing no harm? ​ Answer: Nonmaleficence Q: What should a nurse reinforce when teaching about client confidentiality? ​ Answer: Follow the Code of Ethics for Nurses. Patient Care and Safety Q: What should a nurse do when caring for a client exposed to an unknown chemical?  ​ Answer: Scrub and wash the client. Q: How should a nurse check for pulse deficit? ​ Answer: Request assistance from a second nurse to check pulses simultaneously. Q: What intervention helps a patient with presbycusis (age-related hearing loss)? ​ Answer: Check for earwax buildup. Pressure Injuries Q: What is a characteristic of a Stage 2 pressure injury? ​ Answer: Partial-thickness skin loss with redness. Q: Which client is at risk for a pressure injury? ​ Answer: An unresponsive client who changes position occasionally. Infection Control Q: What is the first stage of infection? ​ Answer: Incubation (exposure). Q: What precautions should a nurse take for a patient on droplet precautions? ​ Answer: Wear a surgical mask when leaving the room. Q: What should a nurse do when caring for a client with C. diff? ​ Answer: Wash hands with soap and water. Documentation and Scope of Practice Q: Why is documentation important in health records? ​ Answer: To communicate effectively, collaborate on care decisions, and ensure continuity of care. Q: What describes the nurse’s scope of practice? ​ Answer: The set of skills nurses should be competent in and the practices allowed within their role. Delegation and Client Care Q: Which task can a nurse delegate to an AP (Assistive Personnel)? ​ Answer: Obtain a daily weight. Q: What should a nurse include when teaching about expected physiological changes in older clients? ​ Answer: Decrease in body fat. Nutrition and Older Adults Q: What is not recommended for cognitively impaired patients regarding nutrition? ​ Answer: Serving three large meals. End-of-Life Care Q: What is a clinical sign that a patient is close to death? ​ Answer: Cheyne-Stokes respirations. Other Key Concepts Q: What is the correct action when using an electronic blood pressure monitor? ​ Answer: Align the cuff with the brachial artery. Q: What should a nurse check in a patient with glaucoma? ​ Answer: Increased intraocular pressure affecting the optic nerve. Q: What safety risks increase the likelihood of falls for clients? ​ Answer: Floor rugs, cords, and macular degeneration.