Halakha and Jewish Law Past Paper PDF

When do ‫ ספרדים‬start waking up before dawn to recite ‫​?סליחות‬ From ‫ ב’ אלול‬until ‫יום הכפורים‬. When do ‫ אשכנזים‬start waking up before dawn to recite ‫ סליחות‬when ‫ ראש השנה‬falls out on Thursday or Shabbat?(‫​)סימן תקפ"א סעיף א‬ The Sunday before ‫ראש השנה‬. What does one need to say bef...

When do ‫ ספרדים‬start waking up before dawn to recite ‫​?סליחות‬ From ‫ ב’ אלול‬until ‫יום הכפורים‬. When do ‫ אשכנזים‬start waking up before dawn to recite ‫ סליחות‬when ‫ ראש השנה‬falls out on Thursday or Shabbat?(‫​)סימן תקפ"א סעיף א‬ The Sunday before ‫ראש השנה‬. What does one need to say before learning ?‫​תורה‬ ‫ברכות התורה‬ When do ‫ אשכנזים‬start to blow the ‫​?שופר‬ From ‫ראש חודש אלול‬ How many people does one need in order to say something that is considered ‫דבר‬ ?‫​שבקדושה‬ 10 Are the ‫ י"ג מדות‬considered a ‫​?דבר שבקדושה‬ Yes Is a ‫ יחיד‬allowed to recite the ‫​?י"ג מדות‬ Only if one will say them with their proper ‫טעמים‬. ‫ – נדרים‬Hatarat Nedarim Explain the term ‫התרת נדרים‬.​ Absolving an oath When do we do ‫​?התרת נדרים‬ On ‫ערב ראש השנה‬. However, the Syrian custom is to do ‫ התרת נדרים‬three times: 40 days before ‫ראש השנה‬, prior to ‫ראש השנה‬, and prior to ‫יום הכפורים‬. ‫עירוב תבשילין‬ What allows one to cook/prepare for Shabbat on a Friday which is a ?‫​יום טוב‬ ‫עירוב תבשילין‬ What is a basic description of ‫​?ערוב תבשילין‬ Prepare food on ‫ ערב יום טוב‬for Shabbat, which then allows you to continue to cook for Shabbat on ‫יום טוב‬. What is the literal translation of the word ‫​?ערוב‬ Mixture ‫דיני עירוב תבשילין‬ What is customary to use for ‫​?ערוב תבשילין‬ Bread and a cooked food. How much bread does one need to put aside for ‫​?ערוב תבשילין‬ A ‫ כזית‬of cooked food and a ‫ כביצה‬of bread. When is the best time to cook from ‫ יום טוב‬to Shabbat? (‫​)סעיף ו‬ As early as possible on Friday with enough time that the food will be ready to be eaten before shabbat. How does one make the ‫ עירוב תבשילין‬once he has the cooked and baked food?​ S/he says the ‫ ברכה‬of ‫על מצות עירוב‬. Then one says ‫’בדין עירובא וכו‬. Is it imperative for one to understand the meaning of ‫ ?בדין עירובא‬What should one do if they don’t understand it?​ Yes, if one does not understand it they should say it in a language that they understand. Besides cooking from ‫ יום טוב‬to Shabbat what else does the ‫ ערוב תבשילין‬permit one to do? (‫​)סעיף ל‬ Make one’s bed, wash dishes and roll the Torah for the proper Torah reading. ‫ דיני הדלקת הנר‬- Kindling Yom Tov Lights Explain the concept that ‫ ברכות‬should be ‫עובר לעשייתן‬.​ When performing a ‫ מצוה‬one should say the ‫ ברכה‬before the action of the ‫מצוה‬. When lighting ‫ יום טוב‬candles, should one say the ‫ ברכה‬before or after she lights the candles?​ Before Explain the term ‫תוך כדי דבור‬.​ The time it takes to say ‫שלום עליך רבי‬ What is the ‫ הלכה‬if one forgot to say ‫ המלך הקדוש‬during ‫ עשרת ימי תשובה‬and realized his mistake ‫​?תוך כדי דיבור‬ S/he can correct their mistake and continue the ‫עמידה‬. ‫תקיעת שופר‬ Is hearing the ‫ שופר‬on the first day of ‫ ראש השנה‬a ‫ מצוה דאורייתא‬or ?‫​דרבנן‬ ‫דאורייתא‬ Explain the term ‫שומע כעונה‬.​ When listening to someone say a ‫ ברכה‬and having in mind to fulfill their obligation it is as if s/he said those words himself. Define and give an example for a ‫הפסק‬.​ An interruption, for example saying a ‫ ברכה‬and then talking (interrupting) before eating. Who is Obligated to Hear the Shofar Blasts Explain the term ‫מצות עשה שהזמן גרמא‬.​ A positive time bound ‫מצוה‬ Are woman obligated in ‫​?מצות שופר‬ No, because it is a ‫מצות עשה שהזמן גרמא‬ Explain the term: ‫גדול המצווה ועושה יותר ממי שאינו מצווה ועושה‬.​ One who is obligated in a ‫ מצוה‬receives a greater reward for fulfilling it than someone who performs it but is not obligated to do so. Based on the above, is it a good idea for women to hear ‫​?שופר‬ Yes, but not at the expense of bringing her little children to shul that may cause a disturbance. Is one allowed to prepare from the first day of ‫ ראש השנה‬to the second? (‫​)סעיף א‬ No Yom Kippur Explain the term ‫נֵר ׁשֶ שָ בַת‬.​ A candle that was kindled before ‫ יום הכפורים‬and is still burning after ‫ יום הכפורים‬is over. What candle does one need to use for ‫ הבדלה‬on ‫​?מוצאי יום הכפורים‬ A ‫ נֵר ׁשֶ שָ בַת‬or a candle that was kindled from a ‫נר ששבת‬. ‫סידורא דפת‬ What is the first ‫ מלאכה‬of the ?‫​ל"ט מלאכות‬ ‫ – חורש‬plowing Define and give an example ‫פסיק רישיה‬.​ Doing an action that will definitely cause a side effect. Example: opening a refrigerator door will cause the light to go on. Explain and give an example for the term ‫ ָדבָר ֶׁש אֵ ינֹו מִ ת ַּכוֵן‬.​ Doing an action on Shabbat that may or may not result in a ‫מלאכה‬. Example: dragging a chair across the lawn. Is one allowed to walk on grass on Shabbat?​ Yes, since there is no guarantee that the grass will uproot. Explain the ‫ מלאכה‬of ‫קוצר‬.​ Removing produce from where it grew. Is one allowed to lean on a tree on Shabbat? (‫​)משנה ברורה‬ No Give an example of ‫מעמר‬.​ Raking leaves to form a compost pile and/or collecting fruits into one’s pockets Explain the term ‫אֹוכֵל מִ ּתֹוך ּפְ סֹולֶ ת‬.​ Good from the bad. How is one allowed to sort on ‫​?שבת‬ Good from bad, by hand and for now. Explain and give an example of ‫אין טוחן אחר טוחן‬.​ Crumbling bread into small crumbs. When do we say something is cut too thin regarding ‫​?טוחן‬ The exact size is unclear Define ‫לש‬.​ Kneading – combining particles into a solid/semisolid by means of a liquid medium Define ‫בשול‬.​ Cooking – to use heat to make the substance more edible or potable than before Define ‫מרקד‬.​ Sifting – separating a mixture by means of a sifting device Define ‫טוחן‬.​ Grinding – reducing an object to small particles whereby it becomes suitable for a new use. Define ‫בורר‬.​ Sorting – separating the bad from the good Define the ‫ מלאכה‬of ‫זורה‬.​ Winnowing – using the natural force of the wind to separate the bad from the good. Define ‫מפרק‬/‫דש‬.​ The extraction of fruit, vegetable or earth-grown commodity from its natural inedible shell, peel or similar attachment. Define ‫מעמר‬.​ The collection or combining of scattered fruits, produce or any other substance in the place of their growth into a pile. Explain the ‫ מלאכה‬of ַ‫זֹורע‬.​ ֵ Sowing - the initiation or promotion of plant growth in any way. Importance of Shabbat What is a ‫​?מצות עשה‬ A positive ‫מצוה‬, the Torah commands us to do something. For example, give ‫צדקה‬. What is a ‫​?מצות לא עשה‬ A negative ‫מצוה‬, the Torah commands us not to do something, like don’t eat non-Kosher animals. Is ‫ שמירת שבת‬a ‫ מצות עשה‬or ‫​?לא תעשה‬ Both it’s a ‫ מצות עשה‬and a ‫מצות לא תעשה‬ What is ‫​?מלאכת עבודה‬ All work that is done not for the purpose of preparing food for human consumption. What is ‫​?מלאכת אוכל נפש‬ All work that is done for preparing food for human consumption. What type of ‫ מלאכה‬does the Torah prohibit on ?‫​שבת‬ ‫ מלאכת אוכל נפש‬and ‫מלאכת עבודה‬ What type of ‫ מלאכה‬does the Torah prohibit on ?‫​יום טוב‬ ‫מלאכת עבודה‬ What type of ‫ מלאכה‬is cooking?​ ‫מלאכת אוכל נפש‬ Define ‫מזיד‬.​ Intentionally doing an action with full knowledge that this is ‫אסור‬. Define ‫שוגג‬.​ Intentionally doing an action without knowing that the action is prohibited. Someone who knows that one cannot do ‫ מלאכה‬today because it’s Shabbat but did not know the ‫ מלאכה‬carries a punishment of ‫כרת‬. What is the punishment for doing a ‫ מלאכה‬on ‫ שבת‬on purpose not in front of two witnesses?​ ‫כרת‬ What is the punishment for doing a ‫ מלאכה‬on ‫ שבת‬on purpose in front of two witnesses and was warned beforehand?​ ‫סקילה‬ What is the punishment for doing a ‫ מלאכה‬on ‫ שבת‬by accident (‫​?)שוגג‬ Bring a ‫קרבן‬ How many ‫ אבות מלאכה‬are we commanded to keep on Shabbat?​ 39 What is a ‫​?מומר‬ A person who is known to not keep a certain ‫מצוה‬. This applies only if he commits the sin with the intent of angering God. For example, a person continually cuts his ‫פאות‬. What is a ‫​?מומר לכל התורה‬ One who rejects the whole Torah. Is one allowed to eat the meat of an animal that was slaughtered by a ‫​?מחלל שבת בפרהסיא‬ No Why is violating Shabbat so severe?​ Violating Shabbat is a denial of the creation of the world by HaShem, which is akin to ‫עבודה זרה‬. Which two ‫ מצות‬are equivalent to all other ‫​?מצות‬ Shabbat and ‫עבודה זרה‬ When do we say if someone violates Shabbat he is considered an ‫​?עכו"ם‬ When he violates it in public without any embarrassment.