PSB Exam 1 Practice PDF

PSB EXAM 1 PRACTICE Chapter 1.1: A neuron is like a transistor because Both are found in computers None of the above Computers can be conscious like brains Both represent information with electrical states Question 2 Information in a neuron flows None of these Axon --> Dendrites -->...

PSB EXAM 1 PRACTICE Chapter 1.1: A neuron is like a transistor because Both are found in computers None of the above Computers can be conscious like brains Both represent information with electrical states Question 2 Information in a neuron flows None of these Axon --> Dendrites --> Soma Dendrites --> Soma --> Axon Soma --> Dendrites --> Axon Question 3 The technique which is best for visualizing an entire neuron with all of its processes is the in-situ hybridization golgi stain nissl stain none of these Question 4 The technique which only labels neuron cell bodies is called golgi stain none of these in situ hybridization nissl stain Question 5 The technique which labels parts of neurons using radioactive antibodies to proteins of interests is known as nissl stain in situ hybridization immunocytochemistry golgi stain Question 6 An interruption to the brain's blood supply is called tumor stroke none of these meningitis Question 7 The role of the ventricles is to provide blood to neurons make and circulate cerebrospinal fluid none of these protect the brain from infection Question 8 Which of the following are the names of meninges? all of these pia mater dura mater arachnoid space Chapter 1.2: Question 1 A synapse is where Two neurons communicate All of these Chemical messengers are released Information is transferred from one neuron to another Question 2 Synaptic vesicles All of the above Store neurotransmitter in the post-synaptic neuron Store neurotransmitter in the pre-synaptic neuron Do not fuse with the cell membrane Question 3 Which of the following Glial cells is not correctly matched with its function? Astrocyte – provide nutrients to neurons Schwann cells – protect cell from debris and injury Oligodendrocyte – myelinate axons None of the above – all are correctly matched Question 4 A nerve is A bundle of axons A bundle of cell bodies A group of neurons outside the CNS None of the above Question 5 Nerves are white because All of the above They are comprised of gray matter They are damaged They are myelinated Question 6 You are in the park and see an alligator. Your heart rate and breathing increase due to the effects of your ??? nervous system Sympathetic Parasympathetic Peripheral Central Question 7 Multiple sclerosis is caused by de-myelination of dendrites death of cell bodies de-myelination of axons death of axons Question 8 Neurotransmitter is stored pre-synaptically in genes mitochondria receptors  vesicles Question 9 The cranial nerves are sensory only motor only both sensory and motor none of these Chapter 1.3: Question 1 Relative to your ears, your nose is medial and lateral rostral and lateral caudal and medial rostral and medial Question 2 The plane which the corpus callosum passes through perpendicularly to connect the two hemisphere is horizontal none of the above saggital coronal Question 3 What are nerves made of? gray matter ganglia axons cell bodies Question 4 Which aspect of the PNS controls voluntary movement? synpathetic somatic brainstem para-sympathetic Question 5 Rest and digest sympathetic brainstem parasympathetic somatic Question 6 Which neuroscience method measures regional blood flow in the brain? fMRI only fMRI and PET PET only EEG Question 7 Which neuroscience method can be used to stimulate electrical activity in the brain? fMRI EEG none of these TMS Chapter 2.1 Question 1 The neuronal cell membrane Is comprised of a lipid bilayer Contains proteins All of these Does not allow charged particles to pass through the lipid bilayer Question 2 Ionic gradients across the membrane are created by passive diffusion ! active transport electrostatic forces lipid bilayers Question 3 At equilibrium, chemical diffusion forces want to drive potassium ??? the cell, and electrical forces want to drive potassium ??? the cell in to, in to in to , in to out of, out of ! out of, in to Question 4 The electrical potential at which diffusion forces and electrostatic forces cancel each other out is called the! equlibrium potential none of the above diffusion potential  membrane potential Question 5 Opening potassium channels ??? membrane conductance to potassium and moves the membrane potential ??? to the potassium equilibrium potential increases, further away from decreases, further away from decreases, closer to ! increases, closer to Chapter 2.2 Question 1 At rest, the inside of a neuron is At the same potential as the outside Positive with respect to the outside Negative with respect to the outside  None of these Question 2 Opening sodium channels in a neuron at rest Moves the membrane potential towards the sodium equilibrium potential thereby depolarizing the neuron Moves the membrane potential towards the sodium equilibrium potential thereby hyperpolarizing the neuron Moves the membrane potential towards the potassium equilibrium potential thereby hyperpolarizing the neuron Causes all of the sodium to leak out of the cell Question 3 Action potentials All of these Travel down the axon Permit neurons to transmit signals long distances  Are all-or-none events like the flushing of a toilet Question 4 What are the key channels for generation of the action potential? voltage-gated sodium channels none of the above potassium leak channels ligand-gated chloride channels Question 5 Which of these is closest to the potassium equilibrium potential? 0 mV +55 mV -40 mV  -70 mV in a typical neuron, the potassium equilibrium potential is often slightly more negative (around -90 mV). Question 6 Which of these is closest to the sodium equilibrium potential? +55 mV The sodium equilibrium potential is typically around +60 mV in neurons due to the high extracellular sodium concentration compared to intracellular sodium. -70 mV 0 mV -40 mV Question 7 Why don't dendrites fire action potentials?  They cannot conduct electrical signals They do not contain ion channels They do not have voltage-gated sodium channels None of these Chapter 3 Question 1 A neurotransmitter antagonist enhances the process of synaptic transmission blocks or impedes the process of synaptic transmission mimics a naturally occuring neurotransmitter none of these Question 2 Ionotropic receptors  do not contain ion channels greatly magnify the effects of a small amount of neurotransmitter activate second messenger systems none of these Question 3 To minimize drug side effects, one should design drugs to act on multiple neurotransmitter systems act on all receptor sub-types of one neurotransmitter system all of these act on a single receptor sub-type of a one neurotransmitter system Question 4 Drugs have their effect on the brain by  enhancing or inhibiting synaptic transmission changing the shapes of action potentials dissolving the lipid bilayer none of the above Question 5 Ways of enhancing the action of a neurotransmitter, or being a neurotransmitter agonist, include blocking enzymatic breakdown the the transmitter in the synaptic cleft blocking re-uptake of the neurotransmitter all of the these mimicing the neurotransmitter and activating its post-synaptic receptors Question 6 Methods of blocking synaptic transmission include  opening V-gated Ca++ channels none of the above blocking V-gated Na+ channels Mimicing naturally occuring neurotransmitters Question 7 Ways of enhancing synaptic transmission include mimicing naturally occuring neurotransmitters all of these blocking transmitter re-uptake increasing number of post-synaptic receptors Question 8 Alcohol  enhances GABA-ergic transmission none of these inhibits Glutamate transmission inhibits GABA-ergic transmission Question 9 The SSRI drugs work by blocking ACh enhancing re-uptake of serotonin inhibiting re-uptake of serotonin none of these