Multiple Choice Questions on Parathyroid Pathology PDF

**Multiple Choice Questions:** 1. What parathyroid pathology is associated with an appropriate increased in PTH due to a problem with the end organ, such as the kidney? A) Primary Hyperparathyroidism B) Secondary Hyperparathyroidism C) Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism D) Hypoparathyroidism **Answer: B)...

**Multiple Choice Questions:** 1. What parathyroid pathology is associated with an appropriate increased in PTH due to a problem with the end organ, such as the kidney? A) Primary Hyperparathyroidism B) Secondary Hyperparathyroidism C) Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism D) Hypoparathyroidism **Answer: B) Secondary Hyperparathyroidism** 2. The chronic stimulation of the parathyroid gland leading to hypertrophy and overproduction of PTH due to longstanding conditions like chronic kidney disease are seen in what pathology? A) Primary Hyperparathyroidism B) Secondary Hyperparathyroidism C) Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism D) Hypoparathyroidism **Answer: C) Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism** 3. A decrease in PTH with a rise in serum calcium level is most likely due to what condition? A) Primary Hyperparathyroidism B) Secondary Hyperparathyroidism C) Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism D) Malignancy / non-parathyroid mediated hypercalcemia **Answer: D) Malignancy / non-parathyroid mediated hypercalcemia** 4. What is a common cause of primary acquired hypoparathyroidism? A) Thyroidectomy B) Parathyroidectomy C) Adrenalectomy D) Pancreatectomy **Answer: A) Thyroidectomy** 5. What condition occurs after a patient has a partial parathyroidectomy and results in suppression of remaining PTH leading to severe hypocalcemia? A) Hungry Bone Syndrome B) Osteoporosis C) Hyperparathyroidism D) Hypoparathyroidism **Answer: A) Hungry Bone Syndrome** 6. What is the generic treatment of hypoparathyroidism? A) Anticoagulants B) Corticosteroids C) Calcium and vitamin D supplementation D) Insulin **Answer: C) Calcium and vitamin D supplementation** 7. What are causes of low serum magnesium? A) Sedentary lifestyle B) High dietary intake C) Alcohol use, PPI use, and diuretics D) Vitamin D deficiency **Answer: C) Alcohol use, PPI use, and diuretics** 8. What is the relationship between magnesium and PTH? A) As serum magnesium decreases, PTH is inhibited B) As serum magnesium increases, PTH is inhibited C) As serum magnesium decreases, PTH is stimulated D) As serum magnesium increases, PTH is stimulated **Answer: B) As serum magnesium increases, PTH is inhibited** 9. What condition presents as round face, short stature, short 4th metacarpal bone with obesity and developmental delays due to a congenital mutation in the maternal GNAS-1 gene leading to end organ resistance to PTH? A) Pseudohypoparathyroidism B) Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism C) Hyperparathyroidism D) Hypoparathyroidism **Answer: A) Pseudohypoparathyroidism** 10. What condition presents as round face, short stature, short 4th metacarpal bone with obesity and developmental delays due to a congenital mutation in the paternal GNAS-1 gene, but with no PTH resistance and normal PTH and calcium levels in the blood? A) Pseudohypoparathyroidism B) Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism C) Hyperparathyroidism D) Hypoparathyroidism **Answer: B) Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism** 1. Which clinical sign is elicited by tapping the facial nerve just anterior to the earlobe, resulting in facial muscle twitching, often seen in hypocalcemia? A) Chvostek's sign B) Trousseau's sign C) Murphy's sign D) Kernig's sign **Answer: A) Chvostek's sign** 2. What is the name of the clinical sign where carpal spasm is induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff above systolic pressure for a few minutes, commonly observed in hypocalcemia? A) Chvostek's sign B) Trousseau's sign C) Brudzinski's sign D) Babinski's sign **Answer: B) Trousseau's sign**