Literary Terms: Legends, Sequence Words, Collocations, and Fantasy PDF

1. Legends ★ Definition A story about humans, usually real people seen as heroes, that includes magic or supernatural events. These stories are passed down through generations and are often based on true events, though get exaggerated over time. Legends are...

1. Legends ★ Definition A story about humans, usually real people seen as heroes, that includes magic or supernatural events. These stories are passed down through generations and are often based on true events, though get exaggerated over time. Legends are told as if they were true, making them an important part of cultural history. Example: Sleepy Hollow ★ Characteristics - A story from the past about a subject that was, or is believed to have been, historical - Many legends tell about human beings who meet supernatural creatures - Historical but not always factual 2. Sequence Words ★ Definition A series of words used to show the order of events or occurrences that are taking place in a story or legend. ★ Types Of Sequence Words 1. Beginning words Words and phrases that are used to indicate the first item or event that is occurring in a sequence. Example: - First - To begin - In the beginning - Starting off - Originally 2. Middle words Words and phrases that are used to indicate something that is occurring between the beginning and the end of a sequence. Example: - Then - Next - After that - Consequently - Second 3. End words Words and phrases that are used to indicate the final item, step, or conclusion in a series. They signal the completion of a list, process, or sequence of events. Example:  - Last - Finally - In conclusion - Ultimately - To finish 3. Collocations ★ Definition A collocation is a combination of words that are commonly used together in a language. These word pairs or groups occur frequently and sound natural to native speakers. They can be combinations of different parts of speech, such as adjectives and nouns, verbs and nouns, or adverbs and verbs. ★ Example - Take a break (verb + noun) - Catch a cold (verb + noun) - Break a record (verb + noun) - Tell a story (verb + noun) - Strongly recommend (verb + adverb) - Drive carefully (verb + adverb) - Work hard (verb + adverb) - Wait patiently (verb + adverb) - Heavy rain (adjective + noun) - Bright future (adjective + noun) - Big mistake (adjective + noun) - Fresh start (adjective + noun) 4. Fantasy ★ Definition Fantasy is a genre of literature that features magical and supernatural elements that do not exist in the real world. ★ Origin Modern fantasy began in the 19th century, following a period of chivalrous European romances and tales whose fantastical elements were still considered somewhat believable. Key Figures - George MacDonald (Scottish author) - William Morris - Edgar Allan Poe - Lewis Caroll - J.R.R Tolkien ★ Common Elements and Characteristic  - Good VS Evil - The heroic (or villainous) quest for power or knowledge - Tradition VS Change - The Individual VS Society - Man VS Nature - Man VS Himself - Coming of age - Love - Betrayal ★ Subgenres and Types Of Fantasy 1. High/Epic Fantasy Set in a magical environment that has its own rules and physical laws. This subgenre’s plots and themes has a grand scale and typically centered on a single, well-developed hero or a band of heroes. 2. Low Fantasy Set in the real world, low fantasy includes unexpected magical elements that shock characters. 3. Magical Realism While similar to low fantasy, magical realism characters accept fantastical elements like levitation and telekinesis as a normal part of their otherwise realistic world. 4. Sword and Sorcery A subset of high fantasy, it focuses on sword-wielding heroes as well as magic or witchcraft. 5. Dark fantasy Combining elements of fantasy and horror, its aim is to unnerve and frighten readers. 6. Fables Fables are short stories that teach a moral lesson, usually featuring animals, plants, or objects that act like humans. 7. Fairy Tales Intended for children, these fairy tales and folktales are typically set in distant magical worlds where trolls, dragons, witches, and other supernatural characters are accepted. 8. Superhero fiction Unlike stories in which a hero acquired special abilities through scientific means, such as exposure to radiation, these protagonists’ powers are supernatural. ★ Distinction - Fantasy The genre typically has no basis in scientific fact or speculation it includes implausible supernatural and magical elements.  - Science-fiction By contrast, science fiction features technology or technological scenarios that are currently possible or may realistically become possible in the future. - Horror Horror is primarily focused on mood. Its fundamental aim is to create an unsettling atmosphere and provide the reader with a sense of fear and dread. ★ Examples Of Fantasy Literature - Alice in Wonderland (1865) by Lewis Carroll - The Hobbit (1937) by J. R. R. Tolkien - The Lord of the Rings (1954–1955) by J. R. R. Tolkien - The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1950) by C. S. Lewis - One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967) by Gabriel García Márquez - The Princess Bride (1973) by William Goldman - The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger (1982) by Stephen King - The Golden Compass (1995) by Philip Pullman - A Game of Thrones (1996) by George R. R. Martin - Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (1997) by J. K. Rowling 5. Novels ★ Definition A lengthy narrative work of prose-fiction that focuses on specific human or character experiences. ★ Key Characteristics - Written in prose, not verse - Considerable length - Fictional or semi-fictional content - Emphasis on individual experiences and personal reading ★ Historical Background - Dates back to 1010’s - Became popular in Europe in the early 17th century - Replaced epic poetry and romances as the dominant storytelling form ★ Structure and Elements 1. Dividing up the story Novels are typically divided into chapters, sometimes grouped into larger sections. 2. Timeline and POVS May use non-linear timelines and multiple points of view 3. Three-Act Structure  Often follows a three act structure; 1. Introduction 2. Rising action/Complication 3. Climax & Resolution ★ Novel Traits - Written in prose with varying points of view - Must be of considerate length; shorter works are novellas or short stories - Fictional content, through may include historical elements - Aimed at individual rather than public ★ Types Of Novels - Mystery: Focuses on solving a crime, often with a detective - Science Fiction/Fantasy: Speculative worlds involving technology or magic - Horror/Thriller: Designed to evoke fear, suspense or psychological tension - Romance: Centers on romantic love with an optimistic resolution - Historical Fiction: Fiction set in a real pastime with historical events or figures - Realist Fiction: Portrays realistic, truthful depictions of the world 6. “The Advantages Of Train Travel” ★ Memorize the text and answers of page 34 of the “Gold Experience” English book.