Genetics and Phylogeny Matching Practice PDF

# Part 1: Genetics Matching | Term | Definition/Answer | | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Gene | A segment...

# Part 1: Genetics Matching | Term | Definition/Answer | | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Gene | A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait or protein. | | Allele | An alternative form of a gene. | | Dominant Allele | An allele that masks the effect of a recessive allele in a heterozygote. | | Recessive Allele | An allele whose effect is masked in the presence of a dominant allele. | | Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism (e.g., AA, Aa, aa). | | Phenotype | The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism. | | Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a gene (e.g., AA or aa). | | Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a gene (e.g., Aa). | | Locus | The specific location of a gene on a chromosome. | | Monohybrid Cross | A genetic cross involving one trait. | # Part 2: Phylogeny Matching | Term | Definition/Answer | | --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Shared Derived Character | A trait shared by a group of organisms but not found in distant ancestors. | | Homology | Similarity due to common ancestry. | | Monophyletic Group | A group that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants. | | Maximum Parsimony | The simplest explanation or evolutionary tree requiring the fewest changes. | | Character | A heritable trait or feature of an organism. | | Outgroup | A species or group used as a reference to determine ancestral traits. | | Paraphyletic Group | A group that includes an ancestor but not all its descendants. | | Maximum Likelihood | A statistical method to determine the most likely evolutionary tree. | | Analogous Structures | Similar traits that evolved independently (convergent evolution). | | Ancestral Character | A trait that originated in a common ancestor. |