Computer Basics PDF

Ergonomics - Workstation and Smartphone devices Ergonomics: Finding ways to make things more comfortable and safe for people to use. DOS DON’TS ​ Back should be at 90 Degrees ​ No hunched back and head. Eye level ​ Arms shoul...

Ergonomics - Workstation and Smartphone devices Ergonomics: Finding ways to make things more comfortable and safe for people to use. DOS DON’TS ​ Back should be at 90 Degrees ​ No hunched back and head. Eye level ​ Arms should be at 90 Degrees close should top of the screen to Keyboard ​ Do not reach for things! Keep ​ Knees and Legs should be at 90 everything near you Degrees touching the floor ​ Don’t strain your neck, use headphones instead File Extensions What are file extensions? Why are they important? Extensions tell your computer which application created or can open the file and which icon to use for the file What does a file extension indicate: -​ File extensions determine when software application to use. -​ The last 3-4 characters of a file after a dot. -​ Example:.Docx -> Micosoft -​ Example:.Doc -> Google Docs Why should one be cautious about unfamiliar file extensions? -​ Computer needs to understand the file extension or else it will not work -​ Possible to lead to a computer virus How does a.DOCX differ from a. PDF -​.Docx -> Microsoft (Higher Quality -​ PDF -> Universal In what scenario might one prefer a.WAV file over an.MP3 -​ Audio/Music files -​.WAV are bigger audio and 10 times better than an MP3 -​ MP3 are compressed Which file type would take up more space, an MP3 or a WAVE? WAV files are better for very clear audio but take up more storage space. How does a.PNG differ from a.JPG -​ Image files -​ PNG are bigger pictures -​ JPG are small and compressed Which file type would take up more space? JPG or BMP? BMPs won’t lose data in the files but they have larger file sizes while JPG is compressed and is also small compared to a PNG. Which file extension is commonly associated with spreadsheets and calculations?.XISX -> Spreadsheets file extension. Audio Video Images Documents Other MP3 MOV PNG DOCX ZIP WAV AVI JPG TXT HTML  GIF PDF EXE BMP How Do Computers Work? Input: Taking Information or data. Any of our senses; Eyes, touch, tongue, ears Examples: “Sensors” - Cameras, mouse, keyboard, touch screen, and Mircophone Processing: Logical operations, calculating Brain Examples: CPU are Central Processing Unit GDU are Processing Unit Storage: Holds the Data in it’s memory (BITS) Brain (Memory) Examples: Cloud Storage servers, Hard Drive -> SSD (Permanent) -> Solid State Drive Ram (Temporary) - > Random Acess Memory Output: Shows the results of your thinking. Mouth Examples: Speakers, screen, picture, printer, VR Hardware VS Software What is Hardware and what are some examples of it? -​ Hardware is any part of a computer that has a physical structure/component -​ Can be touched -​ Examples: Keyboard, mouse, power supply, CPU, RAM What is Software and what are some examples of it? -​ Software is any set of instructions that tells you hardware what to do and how to do it  -​ Can’t touch it -​ Applications -​ Instructions that provide logic that hardware execute (Chips) Software: Different Types Operating System Software Applications Definition Definition Manages the hardware and all the software Specific programs aimed for specific tasks Examples Examples Windows, Chrome, Mac Book Coding: Python, Java Linex: Allows users to customize the operating system Hardware: Different Types of Computers Desktop Laptop Server Wearable Desktop computers Laptops are Serves are Smaller devices that are designed for battery-powered larger/more powerful can be worn desks and made up computers that are computer that serves of a few different more portable than other computers parts, including the desktops computer case, -​ Clouds: Data -​ Smart monitor, keyboard, Centers watches and mouse -​ Fitbit -​ VR  -​ Not portable -​ Portable -​ Power Supply -​ Battery -​ Components -​ All need to be Components plugged in are in one (computer place case, monitor, -​ Laptops are keyboard, and more mouse) expensive (If -​ Tends to be it had specs more powerful as the because of desktops) the expansion slots Computer Basics COMPONENT FUNCTION Motherboard Connects all key components and allows them to communicate with one another. CPU Processes information and executes commands as the brain of the computer RAM Temporarily stores data while the computer is performing tasks. Heat Sink Keeps the CPU cool by drawing heat away from it. Hard drive Provides long-term data storage, keeping files even when the computer is turned off. SSD Faster, more durable storage compared to traditional hard drives. Expansion Slots Allows you to upgrade components like graphic or wireless capabilities. Power Supply Unit Provides electricity to components by converting power from the wall outlet. CPU Cooler Circulates liquid to cool the CPU and transfers heat to the radiator. Chipset Manages communication between the CPU, RAM, storage and peripherals Transistors Enables the CPU to perform billions of operations with tiny electronic switches.