Physical Science Honors & AA Review PDF

# MIDTERM REVIEW: Physical Science Honors & AA ## 1. Describe one example of each type of energy. | TYPE OF ENERGY | EXAMPLE | |---|---| | Mechanical | Any example where the system displays "movement" | | Radiant | Any example where the system displays EM spectrum waves" | | Chemical | Any exampl...

# MIDTERM REVIEW: Physical Science Honors & AA ## 1. Describe one example of each type of energy. | TYPE OF ENERGY | EXAMPLE | |---|---| | Mechanical | Any example where the system displays "movement" | | Radiant | Any example where the system displays EM spectrum waves" | | Chemical | Any example of chemical bonds. | | Electrical | Any example of electrons flowing thru a wire | | Nuclear | Any example of "fusion" or "Fission" | | Thermal | Any example of Molecular excitation | ## 2. Energy Transformation Below is a diagram of the energy transformation as a roller coaster moves down the track. Label all areas of potential energy (PE) and kinetic energy (KE). The total energy should equal 100 (PE + KE = 100). | Kinetic Energy | Potential Energy | |---|---| | 100 | 0 | | 50 | 50 | | 0 | 100 | The image depicts a roller coaster going through its journey. At the very top the KE = 0 and PE = 100, moving into the path the PE decreases and KE increases until reaching the bottom where KE = 100 and PE = 0. Moving upward again the KE decreases and PE increase until they reach the next peak where KE = 0 and PE = 50. The roller coaster then continues it's journey decreasing PE and increasing KE until reaching the bottom of the picture where KE = 50 and PE = 50. ## 3. Identify and label the three energy transformations that take place to produce light in the picture below. 1. **EE** – Electrical Energy to Electrical Energy. 2. **ER** – Electrical Energy to Radiant Energy 3. **RT** – Radiant Energy to Thermal Energy. The picture shows an electric lamp. There is electrical energy flowing through the wire that transforms into radiant energy, or light, and heat. ## 13. Superhero Science You are a superhero, and you need to identify if your super villain just gifted you a poison instead of bottled water! You know that water has a density of 1.00 g/mL. Give you henchman a list of supplies you need and the procedure they need to carry out to find out the density of the unknown liquid. ### Supplies: - Graduated cylinder - Balance ### Directions: 1. Measure volume in GC using mL. 2. Measure Mass of liquid + GC. 3. Measure mass of empty GC. 4. Find Mass of liquid: Mass(liquid+GC) - Mass(GC) = Mass(liquid) 5. Find Density g/mL ## 14. Draw and label a lithium atom The lithium atom is a negatively charged ion (1-). Include: nucleus, electron cloud, protons, neutrons, electrons. - P = 3 - N = 7-3 = 4 - E = 3+1 = 4 The drawing depicts a lithium atom with 3 protons, 4 neutrons in the nucleus, and four electrons in the electron cloud, three in the inner shell and one in the outer shell. ## 15. Provide a list of all other known elements that have the same valence electrons as lithium. > All other **Alkaline metals**: H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr ## 4. Describe one example of each Law Of Motion. * **Newton’s 1st Law**: Examples of Inertia * **Newton’s 2nd Law**: Examples of F=MA * **Newton's 3rd Law**: Examples of reaction pairs ## 5. Determine if the motion is an example of speed, velocity, or acceleration. * **A train moves at a constant speed but changes direction as it follows a curved track.** Velocity - the train is changing direction. * **A cyclist is moving 10 meters per second east along a bike path.** Velocity - the cyclist is moving at a constant speed in a specific direction. * **A car is traveling at 25 meters per second on the highway.** Speed - the car is moving at a constant speed but does not specify direction. * **A runner was sprinting at 5 m/s but gets tired and ends up running at 2 m/s after in the first 60 seconds.** Acceleration - the runner's speed decreases. ## 6. Draw the position graph of each example. * **Object moves 10 meters in 5 seconds, then stops and remains in place for 6 seconds.** *Green* - The chart would depict a line moving up at a constant rate from 0 to 10 meters in the first 5 seconds and remaining at 10 meters for another 6 seconds. * **Object moves at 1 meter per second (m/s) for 10 seconds, then stops and remains in place for 1 second.** *Purple* – The chart would depict a line moving up at a constant rate from 0 to 10 meters over 10 seconds and then remaining at 10 meters for the final second. * **Object begins at a fast speed but accelerates from a fast speed to a slow speed.** *Yellow* - The chart would depict an upward sloping line starting at a higher point and gradually evening out and leveling off as it continues. ## 7. What is the net force and direction of each example? * **Two people push a box left one pushes with 50 N, and the other pushes with 30 N.** 80N to the left. * **One person pushes a cart to the right with 40 N, while another pushes to the left with 25 N.** 15N to the right. * **A rope is pulled in a tug-of-war. One team pulls with 100 N to the left, and the other team pulls with 100 N to the right.** 0 N. ## 8. Determine if the example is work or power, then solve. * **A worker pushes a 20 N box 3 meters across the floor in 6 seconds.** Work = Fd (20 x 3) = 60 Joules * **A person carries a 15 N grocery bag while walking 10 meters across the kitchen.** Work = Fd ( 15 x 10 ) = 150 Joules * **A weightlifter exerts 200 N to lift a barbell 1.5 meters in 2 seconds.** Power = (Fd)/t = (200 * 1.5)/2 = 150 Watts ## 9. Circuits Draw three (3) circuits: an incomplete circuit, a series circuit, and a parallel circuit. * **Incomplete circuit** - The circuit would not be complete, not allowing electricity to flow. There would be a break in the circuit. * **Series circuit** - The circuit would be a single loop where if one component stops working, the entire circuit stops working * **Parallel circuit** – The circuit would have multiple pathways where if one component stops working the remaining components would remain working. **Bonus:** Use V=IR to calculate the current in amperes (A) of a series circuit with a 9-volt battery and two 15-ohm light bulbs. I = V/R = 9/ (15 + 15) = 0.3A ## 10. Magnet You just bought a shiny new bar magnet. On your way home, you accidentally drop it, and it breaks into two pieces. Draw and label the poles of your original magnet, the poles of the broken pieces, and how you must orient the two pieces to make them attract each other. > The original magnet would have a North and South pole, as would each piece. To make the pieces attract, orient the two pieces so that the North pole of the magnet faces the South pole of the other magnet. ## 11. Generator and motor Below is a diagram that is both a generator and a motor. Draw and label two arrows that show the direction of energy transformation. Add the energy transformation chain. - The image shows a schematic for a DC generator, a device that transforms mechanical power to electrical power. - Mechanical energy going into the system is being transformed into electrical energy coming out. - The reverse of the conversion would be a motor where electrical energy goes into the system and the generated mechanical energy comes out of the system. ## 12. Electromagnet Draw the strongest electromagnet! You are given: string, wire, 6-volt battery, 9-volt battery, glass rod, and iron nail. > Wind the wire around the iron nail as many times as possible. Secure with string to keep the wire in place. Connect the wire to the battery. Increase the strength of the electromagnet by using the 9-volt battery.