Study Doc Part 2 - Law and Policy (PDF)

Study doc part 2 Here’s a simplified and study-friendly version of your topics for easier memorization: ### Economic Perspective on Law and Policy - **Focus**: How laws influence economic behavior. - **Key Idea**: Laws create incentives; they can promote or hinder economic activities. - **Example*...

Study doc part 2 Here’s a simplified and study-friendly version of your topics for easier memorization: ### Economic Perspective on Law and Policy - **Focus**: How laws influence economic behavior. - **Key Idea**: Laws create incentives; they can promote or hinder economic activities. - **Example**: Strong property rights encourage investment and growth. ### Purpose of Different Laws 1. **Constitutional Law**: Defines government structure; protects rights. 2. **Criminal Law**: Deters/punishes harmful behavior; maintains order. 3. **Civil Law**: Resolves disputes; often involves compensation. 4. **Administrative Law**: Regulates government agencies; ensures they act within authority. 5. **International Law**: Governs relations between countries; includes treaties. 6. **Environmental Law**: Protects the environment; regulates pollution and resources. ### Specialized Boards and Tribunals - **Definition**: Quasi-judicial bodies that resolve specific disputes. - **Authority**: Derived from legislation. - **Examples**: - **Administrative Tribunals**: Handle government decisions (e.g., immigration). - **Human Rights Commissions**: Address discrimination issues. - **Professional Regulatory Bodies**: Govern professions (e.g., medical boards). ### Levels of Onus of Proof 1. **Criminal Cases**: Prosecution proves guilt "beyond a reasonable doubt." 2. **Civil Cases**: Plaintiff proves case on the "balance of probabilities" (more likely than not). 3. **Regulatory/Quasi-Criminal**: Generally lower standards of proof. ### Types of Law 1. **Private Law**: Governs individual relationships (e.g., contracts, torts). 2. **Public Law**: Involves government and individuals (e.g., constitutional law). 3. **Criminal Law**: Offenses against the state; includes penalties. 4. **Quasi-Criminal Law**: Regulatory offenses (e.g., traffic violations). 5. **Regulatory Law**: Rules from agencies to control activities (e.g., environmental regulations). ### Study Tips - **Flashcards**: Create flashcards for each law type and their purpose. - **Mnemonics**: Use acronyms or phrases to remember lists (e.g., "Civic Cats Are Internationally Entertaining" for Constitutional, Criminal, Administrative, International, Environmental). - **Visual Aids**: Draw diagrams or charts to represent relationships between types of law. Feel free to modify this to suit your learning style!