Organic Chemistry Past Paper PDF

CHAPTER 9 Organic chemistry is most broadly defined as the chemistry of the compounds of carbon. Petroleum jelly is a mixture of higher carbon number hydrocarbons. Alcohols are characterized by which functional group? Hydroxyl The most unique property of carbon is its ability to bond to carbo...

CHAPTER 9 Organic chemistry is most broadly defined as the chemistry of the compounds of carbon. Petroleum jelly is a mixture of higher carbon number hydrocarbons. Alcohols are characterized by which functional group? Hydroxyl The most unique property of carbon is its ability to bond to carbon. The first organic compound to be synthesized in a chemist's laboratory was Urea The unique aspect of a saturated hydrocarbon is that it must contain only single bonds. The simplest alkane is Methane What is the name of the compound that has the formula CH3CH3? ethane What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH2CH3? Butane Alkanes are often called saturated hydrocarbons. Perfluorocarbons are hydrocarbons in which all hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine. The formula for pentane is C 5 H 12. The formula for butene is C4H8 A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen is a(n) Hydrocarbon Which of the following compounds is saturated? Ethane Which of the following is an alkene? Hexene Which of the following is an alkyne? heptyne Which of the following is an alkane? Heptane Benzene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Which of the following is NOT a property of benzene? Benzene undergoes the same reactions that other unsaturated hydrocarbons do. In general, CFCs are gasses or liquids with low boiling points. Perfluorocarbons have been used in which of the following? all of the above Chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used as Insecticides In representing the general formula of various functional groups, the symbol R stands for an alkyl group. In organic chemistry, compounds are generally classified by functional group. Aldehydes and ketones share a common functional group. The group is the carbonyl group. Esters are often used as Fragrances CHAPTER 10 Monomers are small building blocks of polymers. The word polymer means many parts. Another name for Teflon is PTFE What is Teflon used for? nonstick cookware Plexiglas is a polymethyl methacrylate polymer that is used as a glass substitute. The Tg of Plexiglas is High Which of the following is currently the most desirable method to minimize the problem of disposal of plastics? Recycle them. Which of the following is the simplest synthetic polymer? Polyethylene Which of the following is a naturally occurring polymer? Starch Wool and silk are examples of which type of naturally occurring polymer? Proteins The first "practical" application of celluloid was billiard balls. One of the first applications of polyethylene was electrical insulation. High-density polyethylene is composed of primarily linear, unbranched chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangement. Low-density polyethylene is composed of primarily highly branched, non-linear chains of polyethylene in a diffuse packing arrangement. LDPE finds applications as plastic bags. LDPE stands for low-density polyethylene. Thermoplastic polymers may be heated and reformed. The monomer used to make Teflon is F2CCF2. Vulcanization makes rubber Hard. Natural rubber can be made from the monomer Isoprene Plastics make up ________ percent by mass of solid waste. 12 The greatest hazard in using plastics in home building materials and furnishings is that some form poisonous gasses when burned. Silicons are NOT used for garbage bags. Plexiglass is polymethyl methacrylate. A polymer that conducts electricity is Polyacetylene. CHAPTER 16 Grr WHAT Animal starch is called ________. Glycogen Which of the following elements is NOT found in carbohydrates? Nitrogen Which of the following is a monosaccharide? Fructose The polysaccharide that is in potatoes and cereal grains is Starch Which of the following is a polysaccharide? Starch The monomer unit in amylopectin is ________. Glucose An example of a disaccharide is Sucrose Which of the following polymers is NOT made by plants? Glycogen Unsaturated fats are often liquids called Oils A fatty acid is determined to have 12 carbon atoms. This fatty acid is probably from a(n) Natural source Fats and oils are examples of Esters Fats and oils are differentiated from each other on the basis of their Melting points Triglyceride is another term for A fat or oil Animal fats are Solids and have a smaller proportion of unsaturated fats What functional group(s) is (are) contained in an amino acid? Both -NH2 and -COOH What is a zwitterion? A compound that carries one positively charged atom and one negatively charged atom Proteins are Polyamides A relatively small molecule with more than 10 amino acids is called a Polypeptide The primary structure of a protein is determined by The order of amino acids in the protein. The secondary structure of a protein is determined by The hydrogen bonding between atoms in peptide bonds that gives the protein a three dimensional shape. The helical structure of certain proteins, such as wool, is part of the protein's Secondary structure The pleated structure of certain proteins, such as silk, is part of the protein's Secondary structure. An alpha helix contains Intramolecular hydrogen bonding. A beta pleated sheet Contains hydrogen bonding between chains. The interactions between different chains in a protein contribute to its ________ structure. Quaternary Which of the following is NOT involved in determining the tertiary structure of a protein? Ester bonds Enzymes are Catalysts The portion of an enzyme where the substrate "fits" during the reaction is called the Active site.