Atmosphere and Global Warming PDF

# Atmosphere and Global Warming ## Definition of Atmosphere The atmosphere is a group of gases combined together in certain proportions. ## Greenhouse Effect If this certain proportion of gases changes it can result in the greenhouse effect. This can cause a difficulty maintaining a specific...

# Atmosphere and Global Warming ## Definition of Atmosphere The atmosphere is a group of gases combined together in certain proportions. ## Greenhouse Effect If this certain proportion of gases changes it can result in the greenhouse effect. This can cause a difficulty maintaining a specific temperature value, many climate changes, and a reducing ability of the atmosphere to protect the earth. ### How the Greenhouse Effect Works - Infrared radiation in trapped in the **troposphere** causing the planet's temperature to rise. ## Causes of Global Warming ### Main and Direct Factors - **Greenhouse gases** - The burning of fossil fuels: coal, oil - Car exhausts - Destruction of forests ### In Direct Factors - **Lightening occurs** - Production of **Nitrogen Oxide** - Helps in the formation of **ozone gas** ## Pollution Gases - Destroys the **ozone layer** - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) - Carbon Oxides (COx) - Methyl bromide (CH3Br) - Halons (Br Cl F I) ## Greenhouse Gases - **Causes Global warming** - Carbon dioxide (CO2) - Methane (CH4) - Nitrous oxide (N2O) - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - chloro fluoro carbons - Water vapor (H2O) - Ozone gas (O3) ## How Greenhouse Gases Work - Greenhouse gases work on the same principle as a greenhouse. - The greenhouse works to maintain thermal radiation inside, which raises the temperature inside the greenhouse. - When sunlight falls on planet Earth, the Earth absorbs it and then re-radiates it again in the form of thermal radiation. - When the proportion of greenhouse gases increases, they allow solar rays to pass through to the Earth, but prevent them from escaping again into space and remain trapped. ## The Greenhouse Effect - A diagram of the sun's solar radiation interacting with the Earth's atmosphere. - The Sun's radiation passes through the atmosphere and heats the Earth. - Heat is radiated back out towards space from the Earth. - Greenhouse gases trap the outgoing heat, causing the Earth to warm. - The greenhouse gases shown are: - Carbon dioxide (CO2) - Methane (CH4) - Water vapor (H2O) - Nitrous oxide (N2O) - CFCs - Ozone (O3) ## Global Warming - Global warming is the continuous rise in the temperature of the air surrounding the Earth's surface. - **High levels of greenhouse gases** lead to the **greenhouse effect** - **Occurring severe climate changes** - Tornadoes - Drought waves - Forest fires - Floods - **Melting of polar ice** - Rising sea and ocean water levels - The disappearance of some coastal cities - Extinction of some animals, like a polar bear. - An imbalance in the environmental balance. ## How Does Earth Maintain Its Atmosphere? - 1 - **Gas molecules move very quickly**. They're affected by the mass of the molecule and the temperature. The lighter the molecules are and the higher their temperature, the greater the speed of the molecules. - 2 - **Escape speed**: In order for a particle to escape from planet Earth, it must reach a certain speed, which exceeds Earth's gravity (Ve). This speed ranges from one planet to another. The escape speed on planet Earth = 11.2 km/s. - 3 - The relationship between the speed of particles and the escape velocity: If the effective speed of the particle (vrms) is less than the escape velocity (ve), the particles cannot escape from planet Earth. And if (vrms) is greater than or equal to (ve), the particles can escape. ## Solutions of the Problem of Global Warming ### Treening One of the most important ways to reduce global warming. ### Use Renewable Energy (Clean Energy) - Hydropower - Wind energy - Solar energy ## How is The Atmosphere Affected By Changes? - **Change in Temperature:** It greatly affects agriculture and agricultural production. - **Winter crops** - Low temperature (less than **21 degrees Celsius)** - Wheat, corn - **Summer crops** - Need a relatively high temperature (**21 degrees Celsius** to **30 degrees Celsius**) - Tomato - **Change in Humidity:** It affects agricultural production. - **Tropical plants** - High humidity - Coffee, mango - **Desert plants** - Low humidity - Aloe vera - **Air pollution:** It occurs as a result of **industrial pollution**. - It occurs harm to human health and respiratory diseases. - It affects plants and animals and may cause extinction. ## What Happens When Greenhouse Gases Increase? - Increased greenhouse gases (CO2) increase the solubility of CO2 in water. - This leads to several issues: - **Reducing (destroying) the calcification process of some mollusks, marine plankton, and coral reefs** - **Reducing the percentage of 02 gas in the water** - **Weak breathing** - **Increased concentration of carbonic acid in water** - **Reduce the PH value** - **Acidification occurs** - **Increased acid rain** - The **increased water vapor resulting from the evaporation process** reacts with carbon dioxide gas and descends in the form of carbonic acid. ## The Effects of Increased Water Temperatures - High water temperatures lead to the death of coral reefs and other organisms that depend on them.