Unit 6: DNA Structure, Replication, & Scientists Notes PDF

**Unit 6: DNA Structure, Replication, & Scientists** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | What are Genes? | ***[What are | | | Genes? ]*** | | Where are they found? ...

**Unit 6: DNA Structure, Replication, & Scientists** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | What are Genes? | ***[What are | | | Genes? ]*** | | Where are they found?  | | | | - Blueprint of life | | What do they do for Us?  | | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | ***[Where are they found?  | | | ]*** | | | | | | - found in | | | Chromosomes\_\_\_\_\_ and the | | | chromosome is found in the | | | \_Nucleus\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | | | | ***[What do they do for us?  | | | ]*** | | | | | | - Carry information from one | | | \_Generation\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to | | | the next  | | | | | | | | | | | | - - | +===================================+===================================+ | Do you know about DNA? | It is a polymer made up of long | | | molecules called | |  | Nucleotides\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**.**  | | (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) | | | |  A nucleotide is made up of ***3 | | | components *** | | | | | | 1. Phosphate\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  | | | | | | 2. 5 carbon sugar (\_deoxyribose | | | )  | | | | | | 3. Nitrogenous\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | base (A, T, G, C) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | How does the DNA STRUCTURE LOOK?  | \*Looks like a Twisted Ladder\*  | | | | | |   ***Twister Ladder = \_Double | | | \_Helix\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Rules to Remember about DNA  | \_\_A\_\_\_ ALWAYS CONNECT TO | | | \_\_\_T\_\_ | |  | | | | ***\_G\_\_\_\_*** ALWAYS CONNECT | | | TO [ **\_\_C\_\_\_**] | | | | | | A -- Adenine | | | | | | T- Thymine | | | | | | C -- Cytosine | | | | | | G -- Guanine | | | | | | A---T = \_Double\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | Hydrogen Bond | | | | | | G\-\--C = | | | \_\_Triple\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\ | | | _ | | | Hydrogen Bond | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Scientist | **[Watson and | | Connection with | Crick]** - Discovered | | DNAhttp://youthvoices.net/sites/d | the \_Structure | | efault/files/image/5933/feb/dna-s | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of DNA was a | | trands-icon.jpg | DOUBLE HELIX  | | | | | | **[Erwin Chargaff]** | | | - stated the % of nitrogen | | | \_Bases\_\_\_\_\_ are | | | complementary (A - T) (G-C)  | | | | | | **[Rosalind | | | Franklin]** - \_X Ray | | | diffraction\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | \_ | | | confirmed the shape of DNA | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Why does DNA even matter?  | **Why does DNA even matter? ** | | | | | Steps to DNA REPLICATION  | **Every Time** a **cell divides** | | | a cell ***[MUST]*** | |  | \_Divides\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | \_\_\_\_\_. | | | | | | **Steps to DNA REPLICATION (see | | | video animation in PPT)** | | | | | | 1. \_Helicase\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | (enzyme) **[breaks the | | | hydrogen bond]** | | | BETWEEN the nitrogen bases | | | Unzipping\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | \_\_\_\_ | | | it and creating a replication | | | fork. | | | | | | 2. Each separated strand becomes | | | a Template \_\_\_\_ to build | | | a new strand of DNA. | | | | | | 3. \_Primase\_\_\_\_ (enzyme) | | | builds a small piece of | | | complementary DNA called a | | | "\_primer\_" to mark the | | | \_Start\_\_ of replication.  | | | | | | 4. DNA\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | \_Polymerase\_\_\_ (enzyme) | | | then binds to the primer site | | | and starts | | | \_Building\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ a | | | complementary strand of DNA | | | with new bases from the 5' | | | end to the 3' end. | | | | | | 5. Each strand **builds** its | | | \_Complementary\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | \_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | (matching) strand by BASE | | | PAIRING. | | | | | | 6. \_DNA\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | | \_Ligase\_\_\_ (enzyme) | | | \_Seals\_\_\_ each strand. | | | | | | 7. **[Product = 2 identical DNA | | | molecules.]** - | | | each having 1 NEW strand and | | | 1 original strand). This is | | | process is considered | | | "Semi\_\_- Conservative" | | | since it "conserves" one | | | original strand with one | | | newly created strand. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Label the model below using these terms: nucleotide, nitrogen base pair, phosphate, hydrogen bonds, nitrogen base, deoxyribose sugar**