Assessment of Learning - Principles, Theories, and Practices of Nurse/Midwifery Education PDF

MIDW 485/NURS 413: PRINCIPLES, THEORIES AND PRACTICES OF NURSE/ MIDWIFERY EDUCATION  ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 09/11/2024 2  UNIT SIX: ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING Section 1:Towards a Definition Section 2: Forms of Assessment Section 3: Principles of Assessment...

MIDW 485/NURS 413: PRINCIPLES, THEORIES AND PRACTICES OF NURSE/ MIDWIFERY EDUCATION  ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING 09/11/2024 2  UNIT SIX: ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING Section 1:Towards a Definition Section 2: Forms of Assessment Section 3: Principles of Assessment for Learning Section 4: Role of Assessment for Learning Section 5: Elements of Assessment for Learning Section 6: Educational Quality Assurance 09/11/2024 3  Definition Assessment is defined as the process of using test or other assessment instrument to collect and analyse information for the purpose of determining how well students have learnt about a given subject or skills, they have acquired for performing a task Assessment is a synonym of measurement The results of assessment is marks or scores e. g. 6/10 or 60% 09/11/2024 4  Definition Evaluation: is the interpretation of the marks or scores produced by the assessment process. In evaluation, the teacher makes a judgement about the performance of the student base on the information obtained from the assessment. 09/11/2024 5  Definition When a teacher says the student has performed very well, averagely or poorly, such words represent an evaluation of performance Evaluation also means the conversion of tests or examination marks into grades such as A,B, C, D, F with each grade given a value such as excellent, very good 09/11/2024 6  Definition MARKS (Assessment) EVALUATION 70-100 A Excellent 60-69 B very Good 50-59 C Good 40-49 D Pass 0-39 F Fail 09/11/2024 7  Importance of Assessment Assessment help both teacher and student determine whether learning objectives are being attained Teachers can also monitor students' comprehension Learners can know their weakness through assessment Helps to predict the suitability of individual students for particular courses or careers e.g. entrance examination To determine the previous knowledge of students before a new lesson Assessment also help teachers or the school to make decisions as to which students need to promoted or repeated 09/11/2024 8  Categories of Assessment Several categories of assessment have been documented. Among them are: Diagnostic/Formative/summative assessment Formal/informal assessment 09/11/2024 9  Diagnostic Assessment Diagnostic assessment: This is an assessment done before instruction or teaching It is done to determine the learners prior or previous knowledge 09/11/2024 10  Formative Assessment Assessment carried out during teaching Mostly informal way of assessment It helps teachers monitor students understanding of the subject matter Usually takes the form of oral questions, class presentation, assignment. 09/11/2024 11  Summative Assessment It is done at the end of instruction It is a formal way of assessment Teachers make various decisions or judgement base on this assessment Usually written end of semester examination, oral exams 09/11/2024 12  Assessment tools/instruments Tools for assessment refers to the devices that are used to collect inform about students' performance Examples of these tools include; Tests Rating scale Checklist Questionnaire Observation 09/11/2024 13  Characteristics of effective assessment tool A good assessment instrument must have 3 basic characteristics. They are: Validity: An instrument is said to be valid if it measures what it is supposed to measure. The assessment instrument or test items should correspond with the content that the students are supposed to learn. A valid test gives information for decision making 09/11/2024 14  Characteristics of effective assessment tool Reliability is the consistency of an assessment tool. reliability deals with the dependability or trustworthiness of the test. Usability: An instrument that has a high usability has these features: Easy to administer. Easy to mark or score. Economical to use and has good format 09/11/2024 15  WRITTEN TESTS Teacher-made tests are the most common tools of assessment. There are 2 main categories of these tests. Essay tests Objective tests  Essay tests They are designed to give students the opportunity to answer questions in their own words. The student is required to recall, organize and express information 2 forms: restricted and extended The restricted or brief-essay item usually require limited amount of writing whereas The extended-essay item requires several paragraphs to many pages of writing 09/11/2024 17  Essay tests Advantages: Can be used to determine students' ability to recall, analysed and evaluate information. These tests encourage critical thinking among students Essay tests are also easy to set; requires less time Disadvantages They are very subjective hence less reliable Cannot be used to cover all aspect or content of the syllabus Difficult to mark 09/11/2024 18  Objective test It is the most widely used form of test item. 2 main types of this test. They are: Supply type test requires the student to supply words, numbers or symbols. Answers are not given as part of the question Selection type test: Students are allowed to choose the correct answer from a list of options. 09/11/2024 19  Assessing Performance or Products Traditional tests are valuable but are primarily for assessing knowledge, not performance or products. Common tools used to assess performance or products, both formally and informally are: - Checklists - Rating scales 09/11/2024 20  Checklists A checklist is a tool for identifying the presence or absence of conceptual knowledge, skills, or behaviours. Checklists are used for identifying whether key tasks in a procedure, process, or activity have been completed. The tasks may be a sequence of steps or include items to verify that the correct sequence was followed e.g. making an admission bed The teacher/assessor may need to observe the tasks being followed because, in general, you cannot judge what tasks the learner did from the end product. 09/11/2024 21  Rating scales A rating scale is a tool used for assessing the performance of tasks, skill levels, procedures, processes, qualities, quantities, or end products, such as reports, drawings, and computer programs. These are judged at a defined level within a stated range. Rating scales are similar to checklists except that they indicate the degree of accomplishment rather than just yes or no. Rating scales list performance statements in one column and the range of accomplishment in descriptive words, with or without numbers, in other columns. These other columns form “the scale” and can indicate a range of achievement, such as from poor to excellent, never to always, beginning to exemplary, or strongly disagree to strongly agree. Some tasks, such as procedures and processes, need to be observed in order to be assessed. 09/11/2024 22