CP Biology Test Review - Unit 9 Study Guide PDF

CP Biology Test Review Name: Key Unit 9: DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis Directions: Answer the following questions. 1) Fill-in-the-blank. Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of...

CP Biology Test Review Name: Key Unit 9: DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis Directions: Answer the following questions. 1) Fill-in-the-blank. Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of acid. Deoxyribonucleic 2) The primary function of DNA is to store and transmit genetic information. This statement is A) True B) False A 3) Which statement about DNA is incorrect?  Every DNA nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base  DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds  The long strands of nucleotides are twisted into a double helix  Short strands of DNA are contained in chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell 4) Fill-in-the-blank. Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of. nucleotides 5) Excluding hydrogen bonds, what are the three components of a DNA molecule?  Deoxyribose sugar  Nitrogenous base  A phosphate group 6) In the context of this unit, what does complementary mean? (1) Counterpart; (2) completes 7) Fill-in-the-blank. Purines and pyrimidines are found in nucleotides. bases 8) James Watson and Francis Crick are important to science. Explain. Structure of DNA 9) X-ray diffraction (i.e. the scattering of X-rays by the regularly spaced atoms of a crystal) photographs by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin suggested that DNA molecules are arranged as a tightly coiled helix. This statement is A) True B) False A 10) What are Erwin Chargaff’s rules for DNA base-paring?  The amount of A 100% equals the amount of T  The amount of G 100% equals the amount of C 11) Using the three arrows, label the DNA nucleotide structure. 1  Phosphate group Nitrogenous base Pentose sugar 12) Examine a “Condons in mRNA Table.” What is the name of the amino acid that Methionine signals a “start signal?” 13) Fill-in-the-blank. The addition of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA is catalyzed by this enzyme / molecule, which adds bases to the exposed DNA template: DNA. polymerase 14) Which statement is incorrect?  DNA replication must occur before a cell can divide  DNA replication is catalyzed by the base uracil  DNA replication involves two complementary strands are duplicated  In DNA replication, the double strand unwinds while it is being duplicated 15) Fill-in-the-blank. During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is AACCTT, then the new strand will be. TTGGAA 16) Fill-in-the-blank. The function of tRNA is to amino acids to ribosomes. transfer 17) What does the term catalyzed mean? Speeds up reactions 18) Fill-in-the-blank. RNA carries instructions for making proteins. Messenger 19) What are three differences between RNA and DNA molecules?  RNA is single-stranded and DNA is double-stranded  RNA and DNA contain different sugar molecules  RNA has the base uracil and DNA has thymine 20) Fill-in-the-blank. During translation, a ribosome binds to RNA. messenger 21) Besides messenger RNA and transfer RNA, what is the other form of RNA? ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 22) In order for protein synthesis to occur, mRNA must migrate to the cell nucleus. This statement is A) True B) False B 23) What molecule is produced during transcription? A) DNA B) RNA B—RNA 2 24) Fill-in-the-blank. The process of translation continues until a “stop” codon is reached, which finishes the process releasing the newly created. protein 25) In the nucleus, DNA is unzipped. Messenger RNA float into unzipped DNA following the order of the nitrogenous bases. A) phosphate groups B) nucleotides C) hydrogen bonds B 26) Transcription proceeds when RNA polymerase binds to a promoter on a strand of RNA. This statement is A) True B) False B 27) Which comes first—transcription or translation? Transcription—“c” come before “l” in translation 28) Fill-in-the-blank. Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a/an. codon 29) Using the textbook, list three facts about the human genome.  Contains 30,000 genes  Contains 3.2 billion base pairs  Contains 23 chromosome pairs 30) Fill-in-the-blanks. During translation, the acid detaches from the RNA molecule and attaches to the end of a growing protein chain when the tRNA anticodon is paired up with the mRNA codon. (a) amino; (b) transfer 31) The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another is called. transformation 32) Oswald Avery performed experiments using R and S strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Which statement is incorrect?  Cells missing protein and RNA were able to transform relatively harmless R strain cells into virulent S strain cells and kill mice, but cell missing DNA could not  Cells missing DNA were able to transform relatively harmless R cells into virulent S cells and kill mice, but cells missing protein and RNA could not 33) Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of ribonucleic acid. This statement is A) True B) False B 34) What is the primary function of DNA? To store and transmit genetic information 3 35) What are nucleotides and what do they consist of?   (1) Molecules of DNA monomer units (2) A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base 36) What are purines and pyrimidines? These are bases found in nucleotides 37) Complete the missing parts of the table 38) Transcribe and translate this DNA gene sequence. You will need to reference the table for “Condons of mRNA” on page 207 in Modern Biology. DNA T A C G G G C C C G T G A C A G C C A C T mRNA A U G C C C G G G C A C U G U C G G U G A Amino Meth Pro Gly His Cys Arg (stop) Acid 4 39) Suppose a mRNA strand has 76 codons. How many amino acids will be in the polypeptide? 75 Note: UAA, UGA, and UAG do not designate amino acids but serve as stop codons that mark the end of translation 40) Sense and antisense strands of DNA involve gene expression. Answer the following two questions. A. What are sense strands? This is the coding strand, plus strand, forward strand, or the non-template strand. It runs 5’ to 3’ direction. B. What ae antisense strands? This is the non-coding strand, the minus strand, reverse strand, or the template strand. It contains the complimentary base sequence and is used as the template for building mRNA and serves as the template for mRNA. It runs 3’ to 5’ direction 41) The following terms will in a matching section. a. amino acids b. anticodons c. codon d. cytosine e. deoxyribose f. DNA g. DNA polymerase h. helix i. hydrogen bonds j. promoter k. replication l. ribose m. start signal n. stop signal o. thymine 5