Unit 8 - Evolution Review Sheet PDF

**Unit 8 -- Evolution** **Review Sheet** **Evolution & Natural Selection** General ideas relating to Evolution pre-Darwin, or ideas that inspired Darwin Catastrophism Charles Lyell -- uniformitarianism & earth is very old Lamarck -- Inheritance of Acquired Traits (use and disuse) Malthus -- o...

**Unit 8 -- Evolution** **Review Sheet** **Evolution & Natural Selection** General ideas relating to Evolution pre-Darwin, or ideas that inspired Darwin Catastrophism Charles Lyell -- uniformitarianism & earth is very old Lamarck -- Inheritance of Acquired Traits (use and disuse) Malthus -- on population Darwin -- trip, evidence & ideas Adaptive radiation Artificial selection Natural selection \* Be able to interpret examples based on principles Fitness Adaptation Role of mutations Common ancestors Hypothesis vs Theory vs Law **Evidence of Evolution** \*in general, be able to interpret any evidence Fossil record Common ancestor Transitional fossil Anatomical Homologous structures (Analogous structures -- not evidence of relatedness) Vestigial structures Developmental (embryos) Biogeography Field Observations (no specific thing here, just be able to interpret examples given) Cellular -- Theory of endosymbiosis Molecular Be able to compare organisms' relatedness based on DNA or amino acid sequence data Macroevolution vs microevolution **Driving Forces of Evolution & Speciation** Factors that promote natural selection Physiological stress Predation Competition Sexual selection Ways natural selection can alter variation in a population Stabilizing selection Directional selection Disruptive selection Factors that can alter allele frequencies in a population Natural selection (already covered) Genetic Drift Bottleneck effect Gene flow Speciation Biological species concept Other species concepts in general Hybrid Formation of new species Gradualism vs Punctuated Equilibrium **Phylogeny & Evolutionary Relationships** Phylogeny Cladistics \- shared ancestral (or derived) characters \* be able to create or interpret cladograms