Unit 6: Government and the Protective Services Specification PDF

### **Unit 6: Government and the Protective Services** Level: **3** Unit type: **External** Guided learning hours: **90** #### #### #### **Essential content** The essential content is set out under content areas. Learners must cover all specified content before the assessment. ##### A Role...

### **Unit 6: Government and the Protective Services** Level: **3** Unit type: **External** Guided learning hours: **90** #### #### #### **Essential content** The essential content is set out under content areas. Learners must cover all specified content before the assessment. ##### A Role and scope of the public sector Understanding the role and responsibilities of the protective services within the wider public sector. **A1 Scope of protective services** An overview of the range of statutory protective services. - Uniformed statutory protective services are required to be in place to maintain law and order, provide emergency assistance and defend the country and its dependencies: - emergency services: police, fire and rescue services - armed services: Army, Royal Air Force (RAF), Royal Navy (including the Royal Marines) *o* custodial care -- HM Prison Service - - other supporting statutory protective services -- UK Visas and Immigration, National Health Service (NHS), Highways England, ambulance service, Maritime and Coastguard Agency. - Non-uniformed statutory services are in place to provide essential services to the public: - local authorities -- metropolitan borough councils, unitary authorities, town councils, county councils, city councils - central government -- schools and education, legal aid, criminal justice services *o* supporting uniformed non-statutory protective services -- Army Reserves, RAF Reserves, Royal Navy Reserves, Special Constabulary. **A2 Legal requirements for protective services delivery** Understanding the current legislation in place that determines the purpose of statutory services and how it impacts on their service delivery. - The difference between public and protective services: - definition of uniformed protective services -- armed services, emergency services: police, fire and rescue service, custodial services - - definition of public services -- other uniformed public services, non-uniformed public services. - Purpose of statutory protective services: - emergency services -- to respond quickly and safely to accidents, incidents or emergencies; to prevent incidents, including crime, public disorder, fire, accidents and injuries - armed services -- to defend the UK and its dependencies, to support international peacekeeping duties and to support civil authorities through military aid to government powers, military aid to civil powers and military aid to the civil community *o* Prison Service -- custodial care and rehabilitation of offenders. - Legal requirements relating to other uniformed services: *o* UK Visa and Immigration -- UK management and security of UK borders *o* Highways England -- dealing with accidents, maintaining traffic flow. - Legal requirements relating to non-uniformed statutory services: - local authorities -- responsibility for the economic, social and environmental wellbeing of their area - NHS -- delivery of health and care services - central government -- oversee the operation of the civil service, government agencies and departments in the provision of services. **A3 Non-statutory protective services** Outlining the purpose of non-statutory protective services in supporting the work of statutory protective services. - Uniformed non-statutory protective services: - voluntary or third sector services -- Royal National Lifeboat Institute (RNLI), Royal British Legion, St John Ambulance, Red Cross, Mountain and Cave Rescue. - Non-uniformed non-statutory protective services: - utility companies, public transportation, charity organisations. - Purpose of non-statutory protective services: - provide services that statutory services cannot or are not able to cover, support statutory services; provision by public, private and third sector organisations; provide assistance to statutory services in civil contingencies. - Data sharing and collaboration of delivery: - multi-agency approach to provision of services - mixed market of provision, including public and private sectors working together to provide services. ##### B Structure of UK government and the protective services they work with Understanding roles and responsibilities of different levels of government. Understanding Parliament's responsibility for the policy and decision making that shapes the work of the protective services. **B1 Political systems** Outlining key principles of different political systems. - Democracy. - Republic. - Monarchy. - Communism. **B2 The executive** Understanding the work of the executive and government departments. - the roles and responsibilities of the executive *o* cabinet -- setting the strategic direction of the country, and putting policies in place that are then implemented by the protective services - government ministers -- holding public office and enabling policies set to be implemented by the government departments - civil servants -- ensuring the day-to-day running of government departments, implementing the policies set by the government. - Government departments that work with protective services: *o* Ministry of Defence (armed services) *o* Home Office (the police, National Crime Agency, UK Visas and Immigration) *o* Ministry of Justice (Prison Service, Probation Service) *o* Department for Communities and Local Government (Fire and Rescue Service) *o* Department of Health (Ambulance Service and the NHS). **B3 Parliament, roles and responsibilities** Understanding the major institutions of state and the separation of powers. - Monarchy: - role of the monarch -- Head of State, Head of Commonwealth, authorising legislation through Royal Assent, advising Prime Minister and government officials, international representation - responsibilities of the monarch -- role model, political neutrality, constitutional and representational duties. - House of Commons: - composition of the House of Commons -- the elected house in the UK government, made up of elected representatives from the UK constituencies. The representatives are drawn from parties that successfully won seats in a general or by-election - role of the House of Commons -- representation of the people, examining and challenging the work of the government, debating and passing all laws and enabling the government to manage public finances through taxation - responsibilities of the House of Commons -- representing individuals and communities through a representative democracy, enabling debate and discussion, political neutrality, political freedom and political pluralism. Voting on legislation and taxation issues, representing UK interests at home and abroad, interaction with other nations' governments. - House of Lords: - composition of the House of Lords -- not an elected body, but consists of a number of appointed representatives, including hereditary peers and life peers (Lords Temporal), senior bishops from the Church of England (Lords spiritual). The House of Lords is often referred to as the \'Upper House\' or \'Second Chamber\' *o* role of the House of Lords -- make laws, check and challenge the actions of the government and provide a forum of independent expertise. Provide advice and guidance to the House of Commons, government and other public bodies - - responsibilities of the House of Lords -- remaining independent from the work of the House of Commons, checking bills to ensure that laws are fit for purpose, representation on committees investigating public policy. - Separation of powers: - separation of powers is in place to ensure that the major institutions of state are independent of each other so no individual should have power that spans all offices. - Institutions of state: - executive -- government, the Prime Minister, the Cabinet and other ministers (to develop policies and propose legislation) *o* legislature -- Parliament, members of the House of Commons and House of Lords (to debate proposed legislation and enact laws) *o* judiciary -- judges (interpret and apply legislation in line with the intention of Parliament as well as developing common law). - Parliamentary privilege: freedom of speech and debate. **B4 Devolved bodies, roles and responsibilities** Overview of the transfer of various levels of power to the UK's nations with kept authority over the devolved institutions in the UK Parliament itself. - Scottish Parliament -- the Scottish Parliament took responsibility for their devolved powers: - roles and responsibilities -- implementing laws and policy on matters that affect Scotland (health, education, the environment, agriculture, housing, sport and the arts, law and order, transport and allocation of the Scottish budget). - Welsh Parliament -- the Welsh Parliament took responsibility for their devolved powers: - roles and responsibilities -- representing Wales and its people, making laws for Wales, agreeing Welsh taxes, holding the Welsh Government to account. - Northern Ireland Assembly -- The Northern Ireland Assembly took responsibility for their devolved powers: - roles and responsibilities -- representing Northern Ireland and its people, making legislation, scrutinising the executive committee. - Reserved powers: those which stay with Parliament in Westminster. **B5 Local government, roles and responsibilities** An overview of the work of local government. - Role of local government: *o* to represent residents in a local area, to determine and deliver local priorities *o* to work with a range of partners, including private organisations and charities as well as other levels of government to determine and deliver services - delivery of essential services to the local area, including children's services, highways, social care services, housing, environmental services, planning and development. - Types of local government: - different structures of local government include county councils, district councils, unitary authorities, London boroughs, Greater London Authority, metropolitan districts - different powers of metropolitan mayors: Mayor of London, local authority mayor. - Role and responsibilities of police and crime commissioners. ##### C Funding and accountability **C1 Sources and impact of funding** Understanding how the protective services obtain funding from a range of sources, and how government priorities and spending policies can impact on public service operations and delivery. - Taxation, including income tax; council taxes raise funds for different services in the public sector. - Other sources of funding: - some protective services are able to gain income from other sources, including income and rents charged by public service organisations, direct funding from central and local government, EU funding, National Lottery, donations and legacies. - Income and expenditure: - HM Treasury sets a budget that explains how the country will finance the service provision. - Impact of funding on public service delivery: - potential changes to, or effects on, the level, extent and quality of service provided *o* impact on service capability, including reduced or increased personnel, reduced or increased resources - impact on service personnel, including changes in salary, changes in equipment required to perform role - impact on communities, including changes in access to services, changes to level of service provision. **C2 Protective services accountability** Understanding how the protective services are accountable for the standards of service provision to funding organisations (central and local government), the public, stakeholders and their personnel. - Need for accountability in protective services provision. - Levels of protective services accountability, including national and local level, accountability to the public, accountability to stakeholders, accountability to employees. - Role of police and crime commissioners (PCCs) and the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC). - Financial accountability -- the protective services are accountable for the spending of public funds. - Effective use of budgets, maintaining public confidence, sharing good practice through publication of audit reports to monitor effectiveness of service delivery. - Measures of efficiency and effectiveness and productivity, including value for money, availability of service at point of need, meeting central government and local targets, sustainability, standards of protective services. Judicial review. ##### D The process and impact of government policies Understanding the processes involved in the development of government policies and the impact of government policies on the lives of individuals and communities, and on the way that protective services are delivered. Any policy and legislative changes must be reflected in teaching. **D1 Policy-making process** Understanding the different processes involved in the development of government policies. - Development processes: - meetings to establish policy proposals, including cabinet meetings, parliamentary committees and sub-committees, consultation meetings - other development processes, including representations from outside government and from opposition members of parliament (MPs), letters to MPs, MPs' constituency surgeries, pressure groups, charities. - Legal processes: *o* the processes that are involved in establishing policies into statute - the drafting of the statute, laying before parliament, parliamentary readings, the use of White Papers and Green Papers in Parliament, voting in the House of Commons and the House of Lords, signature by the monarch, setting dates of implementation. **D2 Impact of policies on the protective services and communities** Understanding the impact that policy change and the introduction of new policies can have on protective services and the communities they serve. - Influence of political parties and changes in government: - change in priority of service provision means increased or decreased access to services - change in spending plan can influence service provision *o* political ideology of parties can impact on policies they support. - Communities and individuals: - increase or reduction in service provision, increased or reduced financial contribution means that service users have to pay to access services. - Protective services personnel: - declarations of war, increased use of reserved forces, increased use of technology, reduction of service availability, target-setting standards, increased stress, low morale. - Protective services personnel responses to government policy changes, including work to rule, strikes (but not armed service, police or prison service who are legally not allowed to strike), personnel leaving the service. - Civilianisation of protective services. - Responses to government policies: - public responses to government policy changes - civil disobedience - demonstrations - meetings that require police attendance - picketing, sit-ins to prevent road building -- petitions.