Unit 4: Testing & Individual Differences Notes PDF

Unit 4: Testing & Individual Differences Intelligence → the ability to gather and use information in productive ways What is Intelligence? → “Intelligence war” (Myers...

Unit 4: Testing & Individual Differences Intelligence → the ability to gather and use information in productive ways What is Intelligence? → “Intelligence war” (Myers, 2011) 2 camps “generalists” “multiples” Generalists → Charles Spearman → general intelligence Factor Analysis (g) Specific Intelligence (f) if you were intelligent you would have a high g-factor https://knowt.com/note/f982fa88-b5fe-4b1d-bbfc-15dcf3bcf358/Unit-4-Testing--Individual-Differences 12/13/24, 2 21 PM Page 1 of 6 :  Howard Gardner Multiples Interpersonal → sensing people’s feelings and motives Bodily-kinesthetic → coordinating your mind with your body Linguistic → finding the right words to express what you mean Intra-personal → understanding yourself, what you feel, and what you want Spatial → visualizing the world in 3D Naturalistic → understanding living things and reading nature Musical → discerning sounds, their pitch, tone, rhythm, and timbre Logical-mathematical → quantifying things, making hypotheses and proving them Existential → tackling the questions of why we live, and why we die Robert Sternberg Triarchic Theory of Intelligence 1) Analytic → mental steps or “components” used to solve problems https://knowt.com/note/f982fa88-b5fe-4b1d-bbfc-15dcf3bcf358/Unit-4-Testing--Individual-Differences 12/13/24, 2 21 PM Page 2 of 6 :  2) Practical → ability to read and adapt to the contexts of everyday life 3) Creative → use of experience in ways that foster insight Daniel Goleman Book called Emotional Intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ EQ→ emotional intelligence Closlet related to intrapersonal and interpersonal from Gardner IQ doesn’t = success 5 elements of emotianal intelligence self-awarness self-regulation motivation intrinsic motivation → something within you is motivating you extrinsic motivation → external things are motivatinf you empathy social skills Nature v Nuture Is intelligence genetic or enviornmental experience does change your brain What contributions did Alfred Binet make to intelligence https://knowt.com/note/f982fa88-b5fe-4b1d-bbfc-15dcf3bcf358/Unit-4-Testing--Individual-Differences 12/13/24, 2 21 PM Page 3 of 6 :  research and/or testing? contracted by the french government to test children school is not organized or required created the first intelligence test → Binet-Simon Scale Binet was a harsh critic of the peopl who thought it was ok to categorize children based off of a single measure Binet stressed the limitations of the est because he beleived that it was too broad of a concept to quantify with a single number starts the modern intelligence-testing movement What contributions did Lewis Terman make to intelligence research and/or testing? inspired by Binet to create the Stanford-Binet test named this because he worked at Stanford and based his work off of Binet (Mental Age/ Actual Age) x 100 = IQ IQ = Intelligence Quotient What are the characteristics of how Psychologists measure intelligence? Most widely used test(“gold standard”) Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) 17 and older Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) age 6-16 Weschler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) age 4-5 Tests Verbal Domain, Perceptual Domain, Working Memory Domain, and Processing Speed Domain Reliability & Validity measurements need to be consistent all the time the ability for the test to measure what it is supposed to measure https://knowt.com/note/f982fa88-b5fe-4b1d-bbfc-15dcf3bcf358/Unit-4-Testing--Individual-Differences 12/13/24, 2 21 PM Page 4 of 6 :  Fluid Intelligence abstract thinking creativity problem-solving decreases with age Crystallized Intelligence knowledge facts wisdom increases with age Flynn Effect → phenomenon over the last 100 years IQ scores measures of fluid intelligence measures of crystal intelligence tests show that over these 100 years, test scores have been on a steady rise Aptitude Test measure ability or potential intelligence tests are intended to be aptitude tests Achievement Test measures what one has learned or accomplished almost all of the exams that you take in shcool are achievment tests Speed Test consist of a large number of questions asked in a short amount of time see how quickly a person can solve problems Power Test designed to gauge the difficulty level of problems and individual can solve Reliability → Test Reliability → for us to have any faith in the meaning of a test score, we must beleive that the test is both reliable and valid https://knowt.com/note/f982fa88-b5fe-4b1d-bbfc-15dcf3bcf358/Unit-4-Testing--Individual-Differences 12/13/24, 2 21 PM Page 5 of 6 :  repeateability or consistency of the test Split-half reliability randomly dividing a test into two different sections and then correlating performance on the two halves correlation coefficient Equivalent-Form Reliability many tests are available in multipe equivalent forms the correlatoin between the forms is measured Test-Retest Reliability Correlation between a person’s score on one administration of the test with subsequent attempts of the test Validity → a test is valid when it measures what it is supposed to measure “accuracy” of the test Content Validity how well a measure reflects the entire range of material Criterion-Related Validity concurrent validity measures the now predictive validity measures future preformance Construct Validity most meaningful a measurment of the measurment https://knowt.com/note/f982fa88-b5fe-4b1d-bbfc-15dcf3bcf358/Unit-4-Testing--Individual-Differences 12/13/24, 2 21 PM Page 6 of 6 :