Unit 3 Software PDF

Software Unit 3 Software Software: A set of instructions that tell the computer what to do Computers run two types of software: System software oOperating systems oUtility programs oApplication development software Application software. Define System Software O...

Software Unit 3 Software Software: A set of instructions that tell the computer what to do Computers run two types of software: System software oOperating systems oUtility programs oApplication development software Application software. Define System Software Operating Systems Operating systems most critical program that manages the hardware and create the interface between the hardware and the user. It runs mostly in the background. Key functions: 1. Managing the hardware resources of the computer; 2. Providing the user-interface components; 3. Providing a platform for software developers to write applications. Operating System Fundamentals System basics Operating system (OS) Utility programs Operating system functions Manages computer’s hardware Allows application software to work with CPU Manage, schedule, coordinate tasks Operating System Fundamentals User interface How user interacts with computer Desktop, icons, and menus OS categories Single- or multi-user Single- or multi-task Operating System Software Operating Systems for Personal Use Top three for personal computers Windows macOS Linux Mobile OS Android iOS Windows Web-based Google Chrome OS Operating Systems for Personal Use Linux Open source Personal computers Web servers Distributions (distros) Platform Upgrade OS decision Operating Systems for Machinery, Networks, and Business Real-time OS (RTOS) Machine that performs repetitive series of specific tasks in precise time Multiuser operating system Known as network OS Allows multiple users access to the computer at the same time Unix Operating Systems for Machinery, Networks, & Business OS— coordinates and directs the flow of data and information What the Operating System Does The User Interface Enables user to interact with the computer Types of interfaces Command-driven interface Menu-driven interface Graphical user interface (GUI) What the Operating System Does Hardware Coordination Event Interrupt handler Preemptive multitasking Spooler What the Operating System Does Memory and storage management RAM—limited capacity Borrowing drive space is called virtual memory Increase RAM to avoid using virtual memory Swap file Paging Thrashing What the Operating System Does Hardware Coordination Hardware and peripheral device management Device driver Plug and Play (PnP) Roll Back What the Operating System Does Software Application Coordination Application programming interface (API) Blocks of code the CPU recognizes Used for similar procedures Example: Microsoft Direct X Starting Your Computer - The Boot Process The Boot Process Step 1: Activating BIOS Manages the exchange of data between the OS and the input and output devices BIOS is also responsible for loading the OS into RAM Step 2: Performing the Power-On Self-Test Ensures that essential peripheral devices are attached and operational The Boot Process Step 3: Loading the OS System files loaded into RAM Kernel, essential component of the OS, is then loaded Step 4: Checking Further Configurations and Customizations Registry contains configurations used by the OS and applications The Windows 10 Interface Desktop Primary working area Taskbar Displays open and favorite applications for easy access Start menu Provides access to all applications and apps installed on your device The Windows 10 Pinning Choosing which applications are tiles on the Start menu Virtual desktops Allow you to organize groups of windows into different displays User Interfaces for Other OSs macOS and Windows Not compatible with each other Similar in functionality User Interfaces for Other OSs Linux Most interfaces are based on familiar Windows and macOS paradigms File Management: Organizing Your Files Directory Hierarchical structure of the computer’s contents Drives Libraries Folders Subfolders Files Root directory (C:) Top of the filing structure File Management: Organizing Your Files File Collection of program instructions or data Treated as a single unit Stored on permanent storage device Folder—collection of files  File Management: Organizing Your Files File path Windows—backslash \ Linux—forward slash / macOS—colon:  File Management: Organizing Your Files File Explorer Main tool for finding, viewing, and managing computer contents Shows the location and contents of every drive, folder, and file File Explorer File Management: Organizing Your Files Naming files File name Extension (file type) File Management: Organizing Your Files Copying, moving, and deleting files Open Copy Cut Rename Delete Recycle bin File Management: Organizing Your Files File compression utility Make a large file more compact Easier and faster to send files Built-in file compression Utility Programs - Windows Administrative Utilities Utility programs Incorporated into the operating system Firewall and file-compression utilities Standalone utility programs Antivirus and security programs Freeware  Utility Programs System performance utilities Disk Cleanup Task Manager Disk Defragmenter Utility Programs File and system backup utilities File History System Restore Utility Programs Accessibility utilities Designed for users with special needs Software Basics: Distributing Software Ways software is created Proprietary (commercial) Open source (free) Ways software is distributed Local installation Software as a Service (SaaS) Subscription Managing Your Software: Purchasing Software DVD from brick and mortar store Downloading from the Internet (as purchase or subscription) Student discounts Freeware Beta version Installing and Uninstalling Software System requirements Restore point Full installation Custom installation Recovering from a computer crash Uninstalling software Recovery drive Upgrading Software Upgrades/updates not needed for subscriptions or SaaS Is it cost effective? Between upgrades are software updates or patches Software Licenses End User License Agreement (EULA) States the following: Ultimate owner Copies allowed # of installations allowed Warranties Copyleft Application Software Application software programs help perform a task when using a computer or smartphone; also called software applications or just apps Productivity software is application software that makes people more productive by automating repetitive tasks Productivity Software Allow you to perform various tasks required at home, school, and business Proprietary—Microsoft Office and Apple iWork Open source—LibreOffice Web-based—Microsoft Office Online, Google Docs, Zoho, and ThinkFree Word processing Software Word processing software Creating documents electronically allows you to create, edit, format, and manage your work easily One of the most widely used types of application software Text and document formatting options Word processing Software Word processing—creates and edits documents Research papers Class notes Résumés Program examples Word Writer Spreadsheet Software Spreadsheet—performs calculations and numerical analyses Data types Text Values and dates Formulas Functions Examples Microsoft Excel LibreOffice Calc Spreadsheet Software Spreadsheet software is used to: track sales calculate payroll create marketing projections create budgets calculate loan payments maintain grade books conduct research Spreadsheet Software Spreadsheet software creates worksheets, which are made up of rows and columns that form a grid Spreadsheet files can include numbers, charts, graphics, text blocks, and data tables Data is entered in cells Spreadsheet Software Identify the Key Features of Spreadsheets Workbook Cell range Value Label Formula Cells Presentation Software Presentation software lets you create electronic slides for slide shows that can be viewed: on a single computer on a projection device over the Internet Slides in presentations can contain text, graphics, video, narrations, charts, and multimedia Presentation Software Insert Content on Slides Presentation Software Tips for designing good presentations Use images Be careful with color Use bullets for key points Consider font size and style Minimize animation and background audio Presentation Software Design Effective Presentations Be mindful of your target venue and audience Limit your words Use graphics wisely Don’t overuse transitions and animations Consider accessibility factors Use the Spelling and Grammar Feature Database Software A database is a collection of data, organized and stored electronically Data is organized into records, and stored in tables Database Software Database software—stores and organizes data Organization Fields Records Tables Database Software Use Database Tables Tables store data for the database Relational databases have two or more related tables (connected) Sort table data Filter table data Productivity and Business Software Note-taking software OneNote Evernote Productivity Software Personal information manager (PIM) Manages e-mail, contacts, calendars, and tasks Outlook Web-based PIMs Yahoo! Google Other options Toodledo OmniFocus Productivity Software Productivity software features A wizard walks through the steps necessary to complete a task A template is a predesigned form A macro is a small program that groups a series of commands Productivity Software Personal financial software—manages daily finances Electronic checkbook registers Automatic bill payment tools Tax preparation software Intuit TurboTax H&R Block Tax Productivity and Business Software Small business software Accounting software Track accounts receivable and payable Inventory management, payroll, and billing Desktop publishing (DTP) software Design books and publications Web authoring software Design web pages Productivity and Business Software Software for large and specialized businesses Vertical market software is designed for a specific industry Computer-aided design (CAD) programs create automated designs, technical drawings, and 3D model visualizations Home or landscape planning  Multimedia Software Multimedia software Includes digital image, video-editing, and digital audio software Used to produce computer games, animations, and movies Digital Multimedia Software Multimedia software Image-editing software used to edit photos Video-editing software used to refine videos Digital Multimedia Software Multimedia software Drawing software lets you create Two-dimensional, line-based drawings Technical diagrams Animations Professional-level Adobe Illustrator Digital Audio Software Digital audio files Downloaded music files, audiobooks, or podcasts Compressed: MP3, AAC, WMA Uncompressed: WAV, AIFF Digital audio workstation software (DAWs) Audio-editing software App Creation Software App creation software—programming environments that produce apps that run on mobile devices App Inventor Thunkable Corona SDK Unity RPG Maker Educational and Reference Software Educational and reference software examples Test preparation Simulation Trip planning Home design/improvement Course management Genealogy