Unit 3 General Survey ^0 Vital Signs 2024 PDF

UNIT 3: ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH STATUS (SYSTEMATIC APPROACH) General Survey, Vital signs PRESENTED BY: MRS. KERON JONES-FRASER, PHD CANDIDATE, MSCN, BSCN, CERT ED, RN  OBJECTIVES  At the end of three hours adult learners will be able to:...

UNIT 3: ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH STATUS (SYSTEMATIC APPROACH) General Survey, Vital signs PRESENTED BY: MRS. KERON JONES-FRASER, PHD CANDIDATE, MSCN, BSCN, CERT ED, RN  OBJECTIVES  At the end of three hours adult learners will be able to:  Describe the general survey its structure and function  Identify and discuss the five vital signs  General Survey  The general survey:  Is the first step in a head to toe assessment  Provides information about the client’s overall health  Includes:  Overall impression of the client  Mental status examination  Vital signs  General Survey Continued  Overall impression of the client:  involves objectively observing the client’s appearance, mobility and physique.  General Survey Continued  Mental Status Examination:  is a structured assessment of the patient's behavioural and cognitive functioning, paying keen attention to:  the client’s level of consciousness noting posture and body movements,  the client's appearance and general behaviour,  level of attentiveness,  motor and speech activity,  mood and affect,  thought and perception, and  attitude and insight.  General Survey Continued  Attached links demonstrate the general survey together with vital signs assessment:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKY3sQ3v-wQ  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZJTLI9OhrE  General Survey Continued  Vital Signs:  Temperature  Pulse  Respirations  Blood pressure  General Survey Continued  Temperature:  Body temperature  Two types:  Core – deep tissues, such as abdominal and pelvic cavities  Surface – subcutaneous tissue and fat  General Survey Continued  Factors affecting heat production and health loss General Survey Continued  General Survey Continued  Regulation of temperature:  Shivering increases heat production  Sweating is inhibited to decrease heat loss  Vasoconstriction decreases heat loss  General Survey Continued  Factors affecting body temperature:  Age  Diurnal variations (circadian rhythms)  Exercise  Hormones  Stress  Environment General Survey Continued  General Survey Continued  Body temperature may be assessed:  Orally.  Temperature can be taken by mouth using either the classic glass thermometer, or the more modern digital thermometers that use an electronic probe to measure body temperature.  General Survey Continued  Body temperature may be assessed:  Rectally.  General Survey Continued  Body temperature may be assessed:  Axillary.  General Survey Continued  Body temperature may be assessed:  By ear.  A special thermometer can quickly measure the temperature of the ear drum, which reflects the body's core temperature (the temperature of the internal organs).  General Survey Continued  Body temperature may be assessed:  By skin.  A special thermometer can quickly measure the temperature of the skin on the forehead.  General Survey Continued  Pulse:  A shock wave is produced when the heart contracts and forcefully pumps blood through the arteries. The arteries expand and contract with the flow of the blood.  The pulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the heart beats per minute. It may be assessed at several locations  The normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute. The pulse rate may fluctuate and increase with exercise, illness, injury, and emotions.  General Survey Continued  Pulse:  Females aged 12 and older, in general, tend to have faster heart rates than do males. Athletes, such as runners, who do a lot of cardiovascular conditioning, may have heart rates near 40 beats per minute and experience no problems.  When assessing the pulse it is important to note the rate, rhythm, amplitude and contour, and elasticity.  General Survey Continued  Respiration:  The respiratory rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute.  The respiratory rate may increase with fever, illness, and other medical conditions.  Normal respiration for an adult at rest range from 12 to 16 breathes per minute.  General Survey Continued  Blood pressure:  May be described as the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls each time the heart beats, resulting in the highest blood pressure as the heart contracts.  General Survey Continued  Blood pressure:  The higher number, or systolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts and pumps blood through the body.  The lower number, or diastolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and is filling with blood.  Both the systolic and diastolic pressures are recorded as "mm Hg" (millimetres of mercury).  General Survey Continued  Blood pressure: Normal Elevated Stage 1 Stage 2 Hypertensive Blood Blood Blood Blood crises Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure < 120 120 – 129 130 – 139 ≥ 140 >180 80 120  General Survey Continued Pain:  Reveals a lot about a person’s health, which is why it is often called the fifth vital sign.  It affects a person’s physical and mental health , and quality of life through things such as mood, activity, sleep, hygiene, appetite, and the ability to focus and concentrate.  Pain is a subjective experience that varies from person to person.  Pain assessment includes the following: COLDSPA  * Character -  * Onset -  * Location -  * Duration -  * Severity -  * Pattern -  *Associated factors –   General Survey Continued  Equipment needed  Thermometer  Sphygmomanometer  Stethoscope  Watch with second hand  Alcohol swabs  Sheet/gown for draping