Unit 2.1.6. Revision April 2023.pdf

Lady Ada Lovelace James Gosling Admiral Grace Hopper The first computer programmer, the first person to realise computers could do more than just calculate numbers. The person who developed the Java programming language The person who devised the first commercial electronic computer. Alan Tur...

Lady Ada Lovelace James Gosling Admiral Grace Hopper The first computer programmer, the first person to realise computers could do more than just calculate numbers. The person who developed the Java programming language The person who devised the first commercial electronic computer. Alan Turing Steve Jobs Sir Tim Berners-Lee Developed computational theory on which modern computing is based The person who commoditised computing, and developed smartphones and hand-held devices. Creator of the World Wide Web. Industrial Robots - Used in manufacturing and are programmed to perform specific tasks. For example spraying cars in a factory Welding Painting Assemble Welding car panels together Painting cars Assembling toy components Palleting Packaging Labelling Putting bread on pallets for transport Putting items in boxes ready to be sent out Putting address labels on packages. Autonomous Robots - Have the ability to make their own decisions. For example deciding how to respond to a question in a conversation Robocleaner Robomower Delivery Drones Automatic Guided Vehicles Medical AMRs Move materials in factories and warehouses Send medicine and treatments to hospital wards Effects of robotics on society, culture and the economy Society People that live together in a community. • Loss of lower-skilled, low-paid jobs. The impact on the working environment. Financial/Money related More leisure time as robots take tasks away from people. • Culture Economy • Work of a consistent standard. • • They can work 24/7 • Save money by not having to pay wages to workers • Potential for sensors or software to fail and for the robot to fail or to make unexpected decisions. • Expensive to install and maintain • Creates a number of highly skilled new roles. Lack of human interaction WJEC GCSE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 6a – Changing digital technologies Robotics In the table below, list examples of industrial robots and autonomous robots. Industrial robots Mr Ratcliff Autonomous robots Unit 1 Revision Summer 2023 WJEC GCSE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 6a – Changing digital technologies Long answer question Explain the impact industrial robots can have on society, culture and the economy. (6 marks) Society Culture Economy Positive: Positive: Positive: Society Culture Economy Negative: Negative: Negative: Mr Ratcliff Unit 1 Revision Summer 2023 Autonomous cars are also known as driverless cars. They are cars that can make some or all decisions themselves without human input. They capture data using RADAR, VIDEO CAMERAS, GPS and SENSORS Advantages • Fewer accidents • Lower insurance costs • Safe speeds could be increased • Reduction in emissions • Improved accessibility for those who can’t drive traditional cars Disadvantages • Possibility the car could be hacked • Potential loss of driving skills • Job losses for taxi and bus drivers • Software malfunctions could cause an accident Social impacts • Bus/Lorry/taxi drivers losing their jobs to autonomous vehicles. • Driverless cars will mean less accidents on the road and lives saved. • The driver won’t need to pay attention and will be able to complete other tasks. • Car sales will go down and the need for car salesmen and mechanics will reduce leading to a loss of employment. Economic impacts • Haulage companies saving money as they won’t have to pay drivers. • Less cars on the road and less accidents will mean more efficient journeys • More jobs created for programmers and people developing the technology. Legal impacts • Who would be at fault if the autonomous vehicle crashed. • Would drivers need insurance. • Data security issues. • New laws needed. Ethical or moral impacts • Should autonomous vehicles be programmed to always protect the occupants in a crash or should they be programmed to take the action that protects the most lives. • Should autonomous vehicles be programmed to consider age, health, human, animal, when making decisions. • Should autonomous vehicles be programmed to consider whether a person crossing the road unlawfully should be put at more risk that the occupants of a car. WJEC GCSE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 6b – Changing digital technologies Advantages and disadvantages Exam essay question: Autonomous cars are becoming more widespread on Welsh Roads. Describe what autonomous cars are, making a case for and against their introduction (7) Mr Ratcliff Unit 1 Revision Summer 2023 WJEC GCSE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 6b – Changing digital technologies Long answer question Explain the benefits autonomous vehicles can have on society, culture and the economy. (6 marks) Society Culture Economy Keywords: Society – People that live together in a community. Culture – In this context, it’s the impact on the working environment. Economy - The state of a country or region in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services and the supply of money. Mr Ratcliff Unit 1 Revision Summer 2023 Virtual Reality is an application designed to imitate a real-life situation Example uses of VR in education: • Exploring the pyramids in history • Viewing a volcano in geography • Seeing the inside of an atom in science • Viewing different angles of a sports game Advantages Disadvantages • Makes the lesson more immersive • Can distract from the main point of a lesson • Pupils can explore in their own time • Digital divide – not all schools/pupils can afford VR • Many resources online • Privacy concerns • Active rather than passive experience • Health and safety concerns • Boosts creativity • Can make boring topics more interesting WJEC GCSE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 6c – Changing digital technologies Identify the advantages and disadvantages to using virtual reality. Use the hints to help you. Hint Advantages Disadvantages Hint How will VR impact social connections and relationships? Affordability and accessibility. People with disabilities VR involves lots of movement – issue? Why do people use VR technology? The time people may spend using VR. Mr Ratcliff Unit 1 Revision Summer 2023 WJEC GCSE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 6c – Changing digital technologies Virtual reality In the boxes below, identify which industries are using VR. One has been done for you. Education Mr Ratcliff Unit 1 Revision Summer 2023 WJEC GCSE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 6c – Changing digital technologies Explain how virtual reality is being used to improve the following areas. Mr Ratcliff Military: Education: Medicine: Mental health: Unit 1 Revision Summer 2023 Augmented reality is a system used to overlay information about the world around you onto a screen • Navigation systems use AR to superimpose routes over a live view of the road. • During football games, broadcasters use AR to draw lines on the pitch to show and analyse movements and how the goal was scored. • Fighter pilots can see an AR projection of their height, speed and other data on their helmet visor, which means that they do not need to waste focus • Sometimes neurosurgeons use augmented reality projection of a 3D brain to assist them in performing surgery on their patients. • At historical sites such as Rome in Italy, AR can be used to project scenes of ancient civilizations over today’s ruins, bringing the past to life. • Plane ground crew at Singapore airport wear AR glasses to see information on the goods being loaded into the hold, speeding up loading times. Advantages Disadvantages • The best of both worlds by combining the digital world with the real world. • Privacy and security concerns: by collecting private and personal information about the users. • Virtual communication is improved by digital communication by making it more immersive using virtual information. • Supports business activities: retailers can use AR to display their products. • Extends the value of smart devices so they play an additional role in people’s lives. • Intrusiveness issues: the software records the world around the user which raises questions regarding taking photos of the public. • Can promote dangerous behaviour: by focusing on AR information, accidents could happen in the real world. • Installing and maintaining AR software and hardware can be costly. WJEC GCSE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 6d – Changing digital technologies Augmented reality In the boxes below, identify which industries are using AR. One has been done for you. Advertising/Marketing Mr Ratcliff Unit 1 Revision Summer 2023 WJEC GCSE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 6d – Changing digital technologies Identify the advantages and disadvantages to using augmented reality. Use the hints to help you. Hint Advantages Disadvantages Hint How does AR make things look realistic? Affordability and accessibility. Impact on mental health? Tracking data in real-time – why is this a problem? Why is it easy to access AR? The time people may spend using AR. Mr Ratcliff Unit 1 Revision Summer 2023 WJEC GCSE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 6d – Changing digital technologies Difficulty level: Activity 3 Explain how augmented reality is being used to improve the following areas. Mr Ratcliff Retail: Manufacturing: Medicine: Education: Unit 1 Revision Summer 2023 Artificial intelligence Machine Learning Neural networks Machines that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. The development of algorithms that can learn from data and improve their performance over time without being programmed. A type of machine learning algorithm that is inspired by the structure and function of the human brain. Retail: Retailers use AI and ML to maximise their stock e.g., searches showing items which will be of interest to the customer beyond their initial search as well as improving the customer’s experience with visual searches. Healthcare: Health organisations use AI and ML to detect cancers via the processing of images as well as other applications. Financial institutions: use AI and ML to detect fraud e.g., when transferring shares on the stock exchange. Sales and marketing: Sales and marketing teams use AI and ML for personalised offers e.g., TescoClubcard, which optimises campaigns by predicting sales as well as analysing customer views. Advantages Disadvantages Fewer human errors. • High production costs. • Takes the risk instead of people. • Makes people lazy e.g., people on • Available 24/7. • Axiom spaceship (Wall-E). • Helps with repetition. • Unemployment. • Digital support. • No emotions. • Faster decisions e.g., Kobayashi Maru situation with autonomous vehicles • Not thinking outside of the box. WJEC GCSE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 6e – Changing digital technologies Explain how artificial intelligence is being used to improve the following areas. Manufacturing: Retail: Education: Medicine: Mr Ratcliff Unit 1 Revision Summer 2023 The internet of things (IOT) refers to the billions of devices across the world which are now connected to the Internet. These devices all collect and share data with each other and data management systems. There is a wide range of devices connected to the Internet, therefore falling under the Internet of things: • Digital assistants e.g., Google Home, Amazon Echo, Apple HomePod • Smart lightbulbs e.g., Phillips Hue • Smart thermostats e.g., Nest or Hive • Smart doorbell e.g., Ring by Amazon • Smart door/window lock. All of these provide users with information, and can be managed remotely. Advantages • Can improve efficiency by automating tasks, reducing the time and effort required to perform routine tasks. • IoT devices can enable remote monitoring of equipment, infrastructure, and assets, which can help prevent breakdowns and reduce maintenance costs. • IoT devices can help organisations save money by optimising energy usage, improving inventory management, and reducing downtime. Disadvantages • IoT devices collect and transmit large amounts of data, raising concerns about data privacy and security. • IoT devices require regular maintenance and support, which can be costly and time-consuming. • IoT devices are vulnerable to cyberattacks, which can compromise data and systems. WJEC GCSE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 6f – Changing digital technologies Smart home example A good example of the Internet of Things is the development of smart homes. Identify the purpose of each smart device in a house. The first one has been done for you. Smart air conditioning Detect room/house temperature and set a condition whereby if the temperature reaches a certain temperature, the air conditioning is then activated. Lighting control systems Smart thermostat Security system Garage door opener Smart door lock Mr Ratcliff Smart meter Unit 1 Revision Summer 2023 ChatGPT is an AI Chatbot. The chatbot has a language-based model that allows human interaction in a conversation Chat GPT works by gathering data from the internet written by people and uses AI to answer questions The chatbot ‘learns’ more about different subjects and how to discuss them.