UNIT 2. HEALTHCARE DELIVERY (1).pptx

UNIT 2 HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA BY MADAM SALIDA Learning outcomes At the end of the session , the student should be able to : 1. Define healthcare delivery system in Malaysia. 2. Explain the scope of primary , secondary and tertiary of healthcare system in...

UNIT 2 HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA BY MADAM SALIDA Learning outcomes At the end of the session , the student should be able to : 1. Define healthcare delivery system in Malaysia. 2. Explain the scope of primary , secondary and tertiary of healthcare system in Malaysia and its preventions. INTRODUCTION Healthcare in Malaysia is mainly under the Ministry of Health. Malaysia generally has an efficient and widespread system of health care, operating a two-tier health care system consisting of both a government base universal healthcare system and a co-existing private healthcare system. Example : Infant mortality rate – a standard in determining the overall efficiency of healthcare – in 2005 was 10, comparing favorably with the United States and western Europe. Life expectancy at birth in 2005 was 74 years old. In 21 century the life expectancy is much more longer above 74years old MALAYSIA HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NURSING AS IT IS PRACTICED IN PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY HEALTHCARE ENVIRONMENTS Con’t Nurses in Malaysia provide their nursing care through caring attitudes, team work, efficient, effective and professional in line with the current technology towards quality of life. Con’t Nurses play roles in primary , secondary and tertiary care. The activities involve in Primary Care are : promote health, prevent and control diseases , nursing care and rehabilitation. For Secondary and Tertiary Care will involve with healthcare in the hospital Con’t Nurses job provide a holistic care , she/he must monitor patient from time to time , record the document , implement the nursing intervention and report the abnormality to responsible respective person  Importance of primary healthcare 1. Well-positioned to respond to rapid economic, technological, and demographic changes 2. Highly effective and efficient way to address the main causes and risks of poor health and well-being today, as well as handling the emerging challenges tomorrow 3. Good value investment; -reduces total healthcare costs -improves efficiency 4. Improves health security and prevent health threats 5. Essential to achieving the health related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and universal health coverage The scope of nursing care in Malaysia : i. Primary care Providing Primary care and Emergency at healthcare facilities and the focus are to the following services:  Care for Pregnancy mother  Postnatal care  Home visit  Care for Infant and children aged below 6 years old , including immunization Con’t School service Nutrition for mother and children Family planning The mission of health is to alleviate the focus from emphasize on the illness and give awareness to individual and community that the practiced of health care as a culture Con’t This scope is in line with :- Adult health Teenager health Elderly health Mental health Postnatal health at home Home care nursing Nutrition Women health and reproductive Con’t Care for Disable Wellness clinic for men and women Midwifery at alternative labor centre Primary Prevention Nurses in preventative health care are tasked with improving the health of patients through evidence-based recommendations while encouraging individuals to receive preventative services such as screenings, counseling and precautionary medications. Through public health education, nurses can inspire a larger group of people to engage in healthy lifestyles and ultimately live longer lives. Preventative health care nurses encourage: Regular exercise: Nurses promote regular activity (preferably 30 minutes of exercise at least five days a week) to combat heart conditions, high blood pressure and other diseases such as stroke, diabetes and arthritis. Weight management: Exercise also encourages weight management. Preventative care includes maintaining and controlling weight with exercise and healthy eating habits to prevent diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis. Con’t Avoidance of smoking and drug abuse: Aside from the addiction threat associated with smoking and drug use, there is the risk of lung cancer, emphysema and other forms of cancer. Moderated alcohol use: Education about the effects of alcohol consumption, as well as early screening for diseases such as liver disease, stroke or high blood pressure, can significantly increase the chances of illness prevention. Con’t Control of existing diseases: Nurses involved with preventative health care work to identify existing conditions in the early stages. Modifying an individual’s behaviors can control or minimize the effects of a particular ailment. Secondary level of care Given by physicians with basic health training Usually given in health facilities. Rendered by specialists in health facilities Example: Infirmaries, Municipal, District hospital,Out-patients departments Secondary and Tertiary healthcare Nurses roles involves in sub specialist as their tasks extended and expended in line with medicine services. Specialist services Specialist services for nursing including in area of emergency and Traumatology, Anesthesiology , Intensive Care , Hemodialysis, etc Tertiary level of care Referral system for the secondary care facilities Provides for complicated cases and intensive care Examples; - Medical centers - Regional hospitals - Provisional hospitals - specialized hospitals Specialist and sub specialist care The purpose of this Specialist and sub specialist care is to produce a critical thinking nurses in producing healthcare by using ‘Evidence Based Delivery ‘. Now there are 26 nursing specialist which needed in specialist hospital and non specialist hospital in Malaysia Con’t Due to changes in medical fields and diseases , new nursing specialist such are Cardiothoracic/ Cardiology Nursing, Emergency / Trauma Nursing , Ambulatory and Stroke Management in Nursing , Oncology Nursing are needed to fulfill Secondary and Tertiary Care Secondary prevention Secondary prevention, a form of early disease detection, identifies individuals with high risk factors or preclinical diseases through screenings and regular care to prevent the onset of disease. Con’t Once identified, nurses work with these patients to reduce and manage controllable risks, modifying the individuals’ lifestyle choices and using early detection methods to catch diseases in their beginning stages when treatment may be more effective Con’t Once identified, nurses work with these patients to reduce and manage controllable risks, modifying the individuals’ lifestyle choices and using early detection methods to catch diseases in their beginning stages when treatment may be more effective Tertiary Prevention The third tier of prevention, tertiary prevention, is slightly different. This method involves the treatment of existing diseases in patients. Con’t Atthis point of care, nurses are tasked with helping individuals execute a care plan and make any additional behavior modifications necessary to improve conditions. As the primary and secondary methods have been unsuccessful, this stage encompasses methods of minimizing negative effects and preventing future complications. Malaysia’s MOH planning to enhance the delivery of secondary healthcare The Strategic Framework of the Medical Programme (2021 – 2025)" Developed to further focus on the delivery of secondary and tertiary care 7 Strategies being identified to enhance the healthcare services delivery includes;  Improve surveillance and public health activities  Establish a national communication and risk communication strategies for secondary care.  Malaysia's MoH targets the Con’t following achievements, in line with the Twelfth Malaysia Plan 1. Sustainable, equitable, and affordable healthcare 2. Reduced preventable morality and morbidity 3. Person-centred integrated care 4. Enhanced adoption of a healthy lifestyle Summary Primary healthcare is basically the prevention of an illness. It's purpose is to spread awareness regarding disease before they happen as well as early screening. Secondary healthcare is a step above and aims to treat the patients that are already sick, but not bed ridden Tertiary healthcare goes further and aims to nurse patients with chronic diseases like cancer and other chronic diseases. PRACTICE In a group , you are required to discus about : 1. Primary Healthcare services in Malaysia 2. Secondary Healthcare services in Malaysia 3. Tertiary Healthcare services in Malaysia NOTE : Duration of Presentation : 10 minute for each presentation Support your presentation with examples for each services