Unit 2 Essential Drug List PDF

**How to use the drug list:** 1. Recognize the drug class 2. Remember drugs marked in **bold letters**. Know generic name and a brand name 3. Each drug class hs similar Mechanism of Action (MoA) 4. Know the clinical indication /s for the drug 5. Recognize critical adverse reactions **...

**How to use the drug list:** 1. Recognize the drug class 2. Remember drugs marked in **bold letters**. Know generic name and a brand name 3. Each drug class hs similar Mechanism of Action (MoA) 4. Know the clinical indication /s for the drug 5. Recognize critical adverse reactions **4Rs:R**ead, **R**emember, **R**eview and **R**ecall the 5 items for drugs listed below: **ALL DRUGS ARE LISTED EITHER BY RECEPTOR ACTIVITY / GROUPS**- Drugs affecting Sympathetic System (Hitner textbook Ch.6) +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS | | | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | DRUG CLASS [ | | | | | ] | | | | | | | | | | **[Non-selectiv | | | | | e | | | | | Adrenergic | | | | | (Stimulant)]{.u | | | | | nderline} | | | | | [drugs]{.underl | | | | | ine}** | | | | | | | | | | **epinephrine | | | | | (Adrenalin®) | | | | | ^1^** | | | | | | | | | | **dopamine | | | | | (Intropin)^2^** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS [ | | | | | ] | | | | | | | | | | **[Alpha-1 | | | | | Receptor | | | | | Agonists | | | | | (Stimulants):]{ | | | | |.underline}** | | | | | | | | | | **phenylephrine | | | | | (Neosynephrine) | | | | | ** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS [ | | | | | ] | | | | | | | | | | **[Alpha-1 | | | | | Receptor | | | | | Antagonists]{.u | | | | | nderline} | | | | | [(Blockers):]{. | | | | | underline}** | | | | | | | | | | **prazo[sin]{.u | | | | | nderline} | | | | | (Minipres)** | | | | | | | | | | **tamsulosin | | | | | (Flomax)** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS [ | | | | | ] | | | | | | | | | | **[Alpha-2 | | | | | receptor | | | | | Agonists | | | | | (Stimulants):]{ | | | | |.underline}** | | | | | | | | | | **Clonidine | | | | | (Catapres)** | | | | | ^1^ | | | | | | | | | | Alpha | | | | | methyldopa | | | | | (Aldomet) ^2^ | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS [ | | | | | ] | | | | | | | | | | **[Selective | | | | | beta-2 | | | | | stimulant | | | | | drugs]{.underli | | | | | ne}** | | | | | | | | | | [(Stimulate | | | | | Beta 2 | | | | | receptors)]{.un | | | | | derline} | | | | | | | | | | **albuterol | | | | | (Proventil) | | | | | ^1^** | | | | | | | | | | **terbutaline | | | | | (Brethine) | | | | | ^2^** | | | | | | | | | | **formoterol | | | | | (Foradil)** | | | | | | | | | | **salmeterol | | | | | (Serevent | | | | | Diskus)** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS | | | | | | | | | | **Non-selective | | | | | beta-blockers** | | | | | - | | | | | | | | | | (Block | | | | | [both]{.underli | | | | | ne} | | | | | [Beta 1 and | | | | | Beta 2 | | | | | receptors)]{.un | | | | | derline} | | | | | | | | | | **proprano[lol] | | | | | | | | | | ^(^Inderal®) | | | | | timo[lol]{.unde | | | | | rline}^1^ | | | | | ^(^Blocadren®) | | | | | carvedilol | | | | | (Coreg®)\*** | | | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | DRUG CLASS [ | | | | | ] | | | | | | | | | | **[Selective | | | | | beta-1 blockers | | | | | ]** | | | | | | | | | | [(Blocks | | | | | Beta-1]{.underl | | | | | ine} | | | | | [receptor)]{.un | | | | | derline} | | | | | | | | | | **metoprolol | | | | | (Lopressor®)** | | | | | | | | | | **atenolol | | | | | (Tenormin®)** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS | | | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | DRUG CLASS [ | | | | | ] | | | | | | | | | | [**Direct | | | | | Acting | | | | | Nicotinic** | | | | | **Drugs**]{.und | | | | | erline} | | | | | | | | | | **varenicline\* | | | | | (Chantix)** | | | | | | | | | | nicotine^1^ | | | | | (Nicorette) ^1^ | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS [ | | | | | ] | | | | | | | | | | **[DIRECT | | | | | Acting- | | | | | Cholinergic]{.u | | | | | nderline} | | | | | [(Parasympathom | | | | | imetic) | | | | | Stimulants]{.un | | | | | derline} | | | | | [Muscarinic | | | | | drugs]{.underli | | | | | ne}** | | | | | | | | | | **bethanechol | | | | | (Urecholine) | | | | | ^1^** | | | | | | | | | | **pilocarpine | | | | | ((Pilocar)** | | | | | ^2^ | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS [ | | | | | ] | | | | | | | | | | **[INDIRECT | | | | | Acting- | | | | | Cholinergic | | | | | drugs]{.underli | | | | | ne} | | | | | [(Parasympathom | | | | | imetic) | | | | | (Stimulants):]{ | | | | |.underline}** | | | | | | | | | | **pyridostigmin | | | | | e | | | | | (Mestinon) | | | | | ^1^** | | | | | | | | | | **neostigmine | | | | | (Prostigmin) | | | | | ^2^ edrophonium | | | | | (Tensilon)^2^** | | | | | | | | | | **rivastigmine | | | | | (Exelon) ^3^** | | | | | | | | | | **donepezil | | | | | (Aricept)^3^** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS [ | | | | | ] | | | | | | | | | | **[ANTICHOLINER | | | | | GIC]{.underline | | | | | }** | | | | | | | | | | **[(Parasympath | | | | | olytic) | | | | | (ACh | | | | | Blockers):]{.un | | | | | derline}** | | | | | | | | | | **atropine^1^** | | | | | | | | | | **dicyclomine | | | | | (Bentyl) ^2^** | | | | | | | | | | **oxybutynin | | | | | (Ditropan) | | | | | ^3^** | | | | | | | | | | **Loperamide | | | | | ^4^** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Skeletal Muscle Relaxants | Useful in treating sprains, spasm | | | of skeletal muscles | +===================================+===================================+ | a\. Peripherally Acting | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Depolarizing Agent** | Used for intubation during | | | general anesthesia. | | **succinylcholine** | | | | Can cause muscle fasciculations | | | and malignant hyperthermia | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Non-depolarizing Agent** | To relax abdominal muscles during | | | surgery | | **rocuronium bromide (Zemuron®)** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Direct Acting** | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **dantrolene (Dantrium®)** | Useful in treating drug induced | | | malignant hyperthermia | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | b\. Centrally Acting | Useful in treating spastic | | | disorders | | **lioresal (Baclofen®)** | | | | | | **cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril®)** | | | | | | tizanidine (Zanaflex) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | c\. Biologics | Botulinum toxin, or botulinum | | | neurotoxin  potent neurotoxic | | onabotulinumtoxinA (**BOTOX**®) | protein produced by the bacterium | | | Clostridium botulinum and blocks | | | action of ACH at skeletal muscle | | | motor endplate.. Useful in | | | spastic disorders and for | | | cosmetic purposes to reduce | | | facial wrinkles. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS | | | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | DRUG CLASS [ | | | | | ] | | | | | | | | | | **[Histamine H1 | | | | | antagonists]{.u | | | | | nderline} | | | | | [(Antihistamine | | | | | )]* | | | | | * | | | | | [ | | | | | **drugs**]{.und | | | | | erline} | | | | | | | | | | **Generation 1 | | | | | drugs- | | | | | (sedating)** | | | | | | | | | | **(**cross the | | | | | blood brain | | | | | barrier) | | | | | | | | | | **diphenhydrami | | | | | ne | | | | | (Benadryl)** | | | | | | | | | | **hydroxazine | | | | | (Atarax®)** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS [ | | | | | ] | | | | | | | | | | **[Histamine H1 | | | | | antagonists]{.u | | | | | nderline} | | | | | [(Antihistamine | | | | | ) | | | | | drugs]{.underli | | | | | ne} | | | | | Generation 2 | | | | | drugs- (non- | | | | | sedating)** | | | | | | | | | | (do not cross | | | | | the blood brain | | | | | barrier) | | | | | | | | | | **levocetirizin | | | | | e | | | | | (Xyzal)** | | | | | | | | | | **fexofenadine | | | | | (Allegra)** | | | | | | | | | | **loratadine | | | | | (Claritin)** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS [ | | | | | ] | | | | | | | | | | **[Mast Cell | | | | | Stabilizers]{.u | | | | | nderline}** | | | | | | | | | | **[(]{.underlin | | | | | e}Prevent | | | | | attacks. | | | | | Prophylactic)** | | | | | | | | | | **cromolyn | | | | | sodium | | | | | ([Intal)]{.unde | | | | | rline}** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ 1. sympathomimetics that stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors, 2. anticholinergics that block cholinergic (muscarinic) receptors, and 3. methylxanthines such as theophylline. Other drugs: 4. Anti-inflammatory- Corticosteroids 5. Leukotriene receptor inhibitors +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS | Mechanism of | Clinical Uses | Adverse Effects | | | Action | | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | DRUG CLASS [ | Stimulate | Treating: | Tachycardia, | | Bronchodilators | enzyme adenylyl | | hypertension, | | ] | cyclase to | Acute asthmatic | sweating | | **[Nonselective | increase cAMP | attacks in | | | beta | levels, | emergencies | | | (Stimulant) | resulting in | | | | drugs]{.underli | bronchodilation | | | | ne}** | | | | | | | | | | **epinephrine | | | | | (Adrenaline) | | | | | ^1^** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS [ | Stimulate | ^1^Treat acute | Being selective | | ] | enzyme adenylyl | attacks of | Beta-2 | | | cyclase to | asthma/ COPD | activity, less | | **[Selective | increase | | cardiac | | beta- 2 Agonist | synthesis of | 'Rescue' | (Beta-1) | | (Stimulant)]{.u | cAMP resulting | inhalers | effects. | | nderline} | in | | | | [drugs]{.underl | bronchodilation | ^2^Used | | | ine}** | | regularly twice | | | | ^1^ Short | daily to | | | **Short acting: | acting Beta 2 | prevent attacks | | | (Rescue | stimulation | of asthma/ COPD | | | inhalers) | | Not for acute | | | SABA** | ^2^ Long acting | attacks. | | | | Beta 2 | 'Maintenance' | | | **albuterol | stimulation | inhalers | | | (Proventil, | | | | | Ventolin) ) | | | | | ^1^** | | | | | | | | | | **terbutaline | | | | | (Brethine) ) | | | | | ^1^** | | | | | | | | | | **Long Acting: | | | | | (Controller | | | | | inhalers) LABA | | | | | salmeterol | | | | | (Serevent | | | | | Diskus) ^2^** | | | | | | | | | | **formoterol | | | | | (Foradil)** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS [ | [Inhibits the | Useful in | Can cause | | ] | enzyme | treating acute | gastritis, | | | phosphodiestera | attacks of | nausea, cardiac | | **[Methylxanthi | se | asthma/ COPD | arrhythmias. | | nes]{.underline | (PDE),]{.underl | | | | }** | ine} | | | | | which slows the | | | | **aminophylline | metabolism and | | | | (Truphylline®) | inactivation of | | | | theophylline | cAMP. | | | | (Theodur**) | Theophylline | | | | | [also | | | | | antagonizes | | | | | adenosine,]{.un | | | | | derline} | | | | | a | | | | | | | | | | bronchoconstric | | | | | tor. | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS [ | Muscarinic | ^1^Treat acute | ^1^Dry mouth, | | **Anticholinerg | antagonists | attacks of | decreased | | ic | (anticholinergi | | bronchial | | drugs**]{.under | cs) | asthma/ COPD | secretions | | line} | block the | | | | | effects of | 'Rescue' | | | **Short | acetylcholine | inhalers | | | acting** | and | | | | **Musacrinic | parasympathetic | ^2^Used | | | receptor | activity to | regularly twice | | | Antagonists:** | promote | daily to | | | | bronchodilation | prevent attacks | | | **ipratropium |. | of asthma/ COPD | | | (Atrovent) | | Not for acute | | | ^1^** | ^1^ Short | attacks. | | | | acting | 'Controller' | | | **Long acting** | anticholinergic | inhalers | | | **Musacrinic | (SAMA) | | | | receptor | | | | | Antagonists:** | ^2^ Long acting | | | | | anticholinergic | | | | **tiotropium | (LAMA) | | | | (Spiriva) ^2^** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS [ | Combined: | Treat acute | Same as above | | ] | | attacks of | | | | Beta-2 effect, | | | | [Bronchodilator | relaxation of | asthma/ COPD | | | combinations]{. | beta-2-mediated | | | | underline} | smooth muscle, | 'Rescue' | | | **Albuterol/ipr | bronchodilation | inhalers | | | atropium | , | | | | (Combivent**) | and increased | | | | | blood flow to | | | | | the heart and | | | | | skeletal muscle | | | | | | | | | | Muscarinic | | | | | antagonists | | | | | (anticholinergi | | | | | cs) | | | | | block the | | | | | effects of | | | | | acetylcholine | | | | | and | | | | | parasympathetic | | | | | activity to | | | | | | | | | | promote | | | | | bronchodilation | | | | |. | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS [ | Steroids and | | | | ] | other drugs | | | | | with | | | | **[ANTI-INFLAMM | anti-inflammato | | | | ATORY | ry | | | | DRUGS]{.underli | actions are | | | | ne}** | referred to as | | | | | "controller" | | | | [Corticosteroid | drugs because | | | | s-] | they reduce and | | | | | control the | | | | **budesonide | inflammatory | | | | (Rhinocort® or | response | | | | Pulmicort®)** | (inhibit the | | | | | activity of | | | | | inflammatory | | | | | cells, the | | | | | release of | | | | | inflammatory | | | | | mediators from | | | | | mast cells, the | | | | | production of | | | | | allergic | | | | | antibodies, | | | | | edema, and many | | | | | other | | | | | anti-inflammato | | | | | ry | | | | | actions.) | | | | | | | | | | inhibit the | | | | | activation of | | | | | arachidonic | | | | | acid. This | | | | | suppresses | | | | | formation of | | | | | prostaglandins | | | | | and | | | | | [leukotrienes]{ | | | | |.underline} | | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | DRUG CLASS [ | Inhibit the | Treating: | | | ] | actions of the | | | | | arachidonic | Drugs known as | | | **[ANTI-INFLAMM | acid | leukotriene | | | ATORY | derivatives | inhibitors have | | | DRUGS]{.underli | known as | been developed | | | ne}** | leukotrienes. | and are | | | | These chemical | indicated for | | | | mediators cause | the chronic | | | | bronchoconstric | control of | | | | tion, | asthma. | | | | mucus | | | | | production, and | | | | | inflammation. | | | | | | | | | | leukotriene | | | | | receptor | | | | | antagonist that | | | | | blocks the | | | | | leukotriene | | | | | receptor | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | DRUG CLASS [ | ^1^ Liquefy the | Treating: | | | ] | thick bronchial | | | | | mucus | ^1^ ^,^ | | | **[Miscellaneou | | ^2^Thick | | | s | ^2^ Expel | bronchial | | | Respiratory | liquefied mucus | secretions- | | | System]{.underl | secretions from | post op, | | | ine} | lungs | asthma, COPD | | | [drugs:]{.under | | | | | line}** | ^3^ | ^3^ Acts on the | | | | non-narcotic | cough center in | | | **[Mucolytics-] | cough medicine | brain and | | | ** | | suppresses | | | | ^4^ | cough reflex | | | acetylcysteine | non-narcotic | | | | (Mucosil) ^1^ | cough medicine. | 4 used to | | | | It works by | relieve | | | **[Expectorants | numbing the | coughing. | | | -]* | throat and | | | | * | lungs, making | | | | | the cough | | | | **guaifenesin | reflex less | | | | (Robitussin,Muc | active. | | | | inex) | | | | | ^2^** | | | | | | | | | | **[Cough | | | | | suppressants | | | | | (Antitussives)- | | | | | ]** | | | | | | | | | | **[Narcotic]{.u | | | | | nderline}** | | | | | | | | | | **[hydrocodone | | | | | (Hycodan®)]{.un | | | | | derline}** | | | | | | | | | | **Non-narcotic- | | | | | ** | | | | | | | | | | **guaifenesin+ | | | | | dextromethorpha | | | | | n | | | | | ^3^** | | | | | | | | | | **(RobitussinDM | | | | | ) | | | | | benzonatate | | | | | (Tessalon)** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+