Unit 1: The Nature, Structure & Content of K to 12 PDF

Unit 1: The Nature, Structure & Content of K to 12 Unit 1: The Nature, Structure, and Content of K to 12 (EPP and TLE) TEACHING COMMON COMPETENCIES IN HOME ECONOMICS  Home economics, domestic science, or ho...

Unit 1: The Nature, Structure & Content of K to 12 Unit 1: The Nature, Structure, and Content of K to 12 (EPP and TLE) TEACHING COMMON COMPETENCIES IN HOME ECONOMICS  Home economics, domestic science, or home science is a field of study that Introduction & History deals with the relationship between individuals,families, communities, of Home Economics and the environment in which they live. Home economics courses are offered internationally and across multiple educational levels. Home economics courses have been important throughout history because they gave women the opportunity to pursue higher education and vocational training in a world where only men were able to learn in such environments.  In modern times, home economics teaches people of all genders important life skills, such as cooking, sewing, and finances. With the stigma, the term “home economics” has earned over the years, the course is now often referred to by different terms, such as “family and consumer science. Family and consumer science were previously known in the United States as home economics, often abbreviated as "home ec" or "HE". In 1994, various organizations, including the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences, adopted the new term "family and consumer science" to reflect the fact that the field covers aspects outside of home life and wellness. The field is also known by other names, including human sciences, home science, and domestic economy. In addition, home economics has a strong historic relationship to the field of human ecology, and since the 1960s several university-level home economics programs have been renamed "human ecology" programs, including Cornell University's program. HISTORY OF HOME ECONOMICS 19TH CENTURY Over the years, homemaking has been a foundational piece of the education system, particularly for women. These homemaking courses, called home economics, have had a prevalent presence in secondary and higher education since the 19th century. By definition, home economics is “the art and science of home management”, meaning that the discipline incorporates both creative and technical aspects into its teachings. Home economics courses often consist of learning how to cook, how to do taxes, and how to perform child care tasks.  In the United States, home economics courses have been a key part of learning the art of taking care of a household. One of the first to champion the economics of running a home was Catherine Beecher, sister to Harriet Beecher Stowe. Catharine Esther Beecher was a Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe was an nineteenth century teacher and writer who American author and abolitionist. promoted equal access to education for women. ❖ Since the 19th century, schools have been incorporating home economics courses into their education programs. In the United States, the teaching of home economics courses in higher education greatly increased with the Morrill Act of 1862. ❖ Signed by Abraham Lincoln, the Morrill Act of 1862 granted land to each state or territory in America for higher educational programs in vocational arts, specifically mechanical arts, agriculture, and home economics. Such land grants allowed for people of a wider array of social classes to receive better education in important trade skills. Home economics courses mainly taught students how to cook, sew, garden, and take care of children. The vast majority of these programs were dominated by women. Home economics allowed for women to receive a better education while also preparing them for a life of settling down, doing the chores, and taking care of the children while their husbands became the breadwinners. At this time, homemaking was only accessible to middle and upper class white women whose families could afford secondary schooling.  20th Century Home economics in the education system increased in popularity in the early 20th century. It emerged as a movement to train women to be more efficient household managers. At the same moment, families began to consume many more goods and services than they produced. To guide women in this transition, professional home economics had two major goals: to teach women to assume their new roles as modern consumers and to communicate homemakers’ needs to manufacturers and political leaders.  20th Century The development of the profession progressed from its origins as an educational movement to its identity as a source of consumer expertise in the interwar period to its virtual disappearance by the 1970s. An additional goal of the field was to “rationalize housework”, or lend the social status of a profession to it, based on a theory that housework could be intellectually fulfilling to women engaged in it, along with any emotional or relational benefits. In 1909, Ellen Swallow Richards founded the American Home Economics Association (now called the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences). From 1900 to 1917, more than thirty bills discussed in Congress dealt with issues of American vocational education and, by association, home economics. Americans wanted more opportunities for their young people to learn vocational skills and to learn valuable home and life skills. However, home economics was still dominated by women and women had little access to other vocational pieces of training. As stated by the National Education Association (NEA) on the distribution of males and females in vocations, “one-third of our menfolk are in agriculture, and one-third in non-agricultural productive areas; while two-thirds of our women are in the vocation of homemaking”.  Assessment#1: Group Activity Instructions: 1. You can use PPT Presentation/Canva/Poster/ Infographics or any materials that is available for your group. 2. Each group will be give a specific task to be done and present on the class.