Unit 1 Lesson 1 Matter and Its Properties PDF

 Contents Separating Properties Physical Mixtures of Matter and Chemical Change 01 SEPARATING MIXTURES 01 Filtration Process of separating the components of...

 Contents Separating Properties Physical Mixtures of Matter and Chemical Change 01 SEPARATING MIXTURES 01 Filtration Process of separating the components of a suspension. Residue = substance that remains in the strainer Filtrate = the liquid that passes through the strainer Example: Sand in Water Mixture 01 Decantation and Centrifugation Separates heterogeneous mixtures without filters or strainers. Decantation = after the solid particles settle to the bottom, the supernatant or the liquid is poured into a separate container. 01 Decantation and Centrifugation Centrifugation = the mixture is poured into a tube then placed inside a centrifuge which spins using centrifugal force. The spinning forces the sediments to settle at the bottom then you can pour out the liquid afterwards. 01 Using Separatory Funnel Separatory Funnel = laboratory apparatus used for separating two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. The denser liquid moves to the lower layer of the apparatus where it is removed through a valve and slowly poured into a flask or beaker under it. 01 Sieving Process of separating mixture containing solid substances of different sizes using a sieve. The pores in the sieve will only allow smaller particles to pass through. 01 Magnetic Separation Process of separating elemental metals from other particles in a mixture. Makes use of a magnet exerting magnetic force to attract metallic particles and sets them apart from a mixture. 01 Evaporation, Melting, Sublimation Separation methods that involve phase changes. Melting = used in extricating mixtures that have two substances with different melting points, like salt and sand. Evaporation = process of converting liquid to gas. 01 Evaporation, Melting, Sublimation Useful in sorting mixtures like salt solutions. When the mixture is heated in an evaporating dish, the water will evaporate and leave behind the salt. 01 Evaporation, Melting, Sublimation Sublimation = process of changing solid to gas. Example: Napthalene If it is left at a certain place, you can observe a change in its shape, which indicates that parts of it turned to gas. 01 Distillation Process of separating homogeneous mixtures composed of two substances with different boiling points. Uses evaporation and condensation. By making use of the two phase changes you can collect the two liquids one at a time. 01 Chromatography Separates complex mixtures. Involves various methods for separating mixtures, such as paper chromatography, which uses an adsorbent (filter or chromatography paper) The separation depends on the solubility of each component in the solvent. 01 Chromatography Example: Separation of components in water- based ink. The dye that is very soluble in the solvent will travel faster up the paper while the less soluble dye will travel slower and stay at the lower part. 02 PROPERTIES OF MATTER 02 The properties of matter generally pertain to the characteristics of a certain substance that sets it apart from the others. It can be categorized as a Physical or Chemical property. 02 02 Physical Property Properties of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of a substance. Has two classifications: Intensive Physical Properties Extensive Physical Properties 02 02 Physical Property Intensive Physical Property v also called the intrinsic property v does not depend on the size or amount of the sample. v Example: 100 mL & 10 mL water have the same: boiling point (100 ℃) freezing point (0 ℃) density (1 !⁄"# "# 4 ℃) 02 Physical Property Intensive Physical Property v Color v Conductivity v Melting Point v Malleability v Boiling Point v Luster v Density v Viscosity v Solubility 02 Physical Property Extensive Physical Property v also called the extrinsic properties v those affected by the size and amount of samples v Mass v Volume v Length v Shape 02 Chemical Property Ability of a substance to react with other substances like air, water, acid, and base. 02  Chemical Property 02  Chemical Property 02 03 PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CHANGES 03 Subtitle ADD HERE TO ADD TITLE Matter can undergo changes when conditions are altered. The change can either be: v Physical Change v Chemical Change 03 03 Physical Change v Occurs when the internal make-up of the matter remains the same after the change occurs. v Only shape, size and state were altered. v Examples: Melting of Ice Drying up of Wet Clothes Cutting Paper 03 Chemical Change v Occurs when a substance is converted to new substances. v Occurs when energy is released or absorbed; v Smell changes, gas evolves, precipitate forms, temperature changes, color changes. 03 Chemical Change v Examples: Rusting of Iron Milk Souring Bread Making Breathing Burning or Wood, Paper, or Alcohol Fermenting of Sugar Thank You