Unit 1 Social Science Overview PDF

Unit 1 οα οι What are the 5 key messages of this course? (\*Super Important) Social change can be positive or negative(sometimes both) Abuse of power and an extreme feeling of disconnect (anomie)are the biggest societal problems in today\'s society. Apathy(lack of interest, enthusiasm or concer...

Unit 1 οα οι What are the 5 key messages of this course? (\*Super Important) Social change can be positive or negative(sometimes both) Abuse of power and an extreme feeling of disconnect (anomie)are the biggest societal problems in today\'s society. Apathy(lack of interest, enthusiasm or concern) is the enemy of change. There is always hope: we must seek first to understand we can hope to create positive change\... challenge and change. Anyone can and should be a hero Write a brief response to today's class..... what did it make you think about? (opinions, thoughts, dreams...) Remember, things won\'t change unless they\'re challenged! Challenge and Change. 😊 Just a few sentences or a brief paragraph is fine. Your response: I found the lesson very interesting and insightful, it made me think about I view the world, and how I the media subconsciously forms my view of the world, although I agree that the medias tendency to mainly present negatives in the world such as child kidnapping, causing parents to raise their children to be more fearful, I can also kind of understand why, because no matter how rare a tragic case might be, nobody wants it to be them. So seeing the world from a negative light is mainly an act of self-preservation and a survival instinct, I think it is just import to determine what you find more important, seeing life more idealistically but opening yourself up to more dangers, or living life more isolated but feeling safer. Remember to vandalize (annotate) your notes as we move through the course. Highlight definitions, names, important concepts, etc. Also be sure to add additional points or examples that come up in discussion if they help you understand the concepts. Also remember that you have access to the textbook in OneNote -- just click on the content library and taa daaa\..... Read 4-5 The Three Disciplines of Social Science DISCIPLINE: ANTHROPOLOGY MAIN FOCUS: The development of the human species and human cultures throughout the world. Key word: CULTURE METHODS USED: living with the cultural group for extended periods of time, observing rituals & group behaviour (fieldwork, participant-observation) DISCIPLINE: PSYCHOLOGY MAIN FOCUS: Individual behaviour to discover the underlying triggers or causes of human behaviour. Key words: INDIVIDIAL, MIND, BEHAVIOUR METHODS USED: Studying people's feelings, thoughts and personality dev'p through interviews to determine past influential experiences; animal experiments that lead to a greater understanding of the human mind. DISCIPLINE: SOCIOLOGY MAIN FOCUS: how people act in groups; the development & structure of human society and how it works. Key words: GROUPS, SOCIETY METHODS USED: conducting experiments & using statistical analysis and observation. SO WHY ARE SOCIOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY NOT ENTIRELY SEPARATE DISCIPLINES? They all study one thing: HUMAN BEHAVIOUR An Animated Introduction to Social Science Anthropology: Cultural Customs & rituals. Sociology: Group Dynamics Of oupS & stitutions Human of in groups. Psychology: mind & behaviour SOCIOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY ARE NOT ENTIRELY SEPARATE DISCIPLINES BECAUSE THEY OVERLAP. When used together, they provide a rich analysis of human behaviour. Tracing your Ancestry Read 9-10 and write down def of fictive kin. Fictive Kin: the practice of acknowledging as kin people who are not biologically related. An example is calling your mom\'s friend Aunty or a godmother. An interest in family history, or genealogy has existed for thousands of years and has continued to present day. Genealogy is defined as a record or table of the descent of a person, family, or group from an ancestor or ancestors; a family tree; lineage or pedigree. In the past, these histories were passed on from one generation to the next through tribal or family storytellers who were perhaps, the first historians. Even today, most people have some idea who their ancestors were up to at least two or three generations ago -- some even further back. Like ancient ancestors, people have listened to stories of older relatives in order to understand their roots. In addition, the use of the internet has made it much easier to trace family lineage. HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT YOUR OWN FAMILY? Complete the pedigree chart! In Canada, family and kinship are not the same thing! FAMILY implies a common residence and reciprocal relationships on a daily basis. A family's KIN group consists of all the uncles, aunts, cousins, grandparents, in-laws, and other relatives including ones never met! · All known societies have developed descent patterns, with about 64% giving preference to one side of the family or the other in tracing descent. There are three descent patterns: 1\. Patrilineal Descent Systems: only relatives on the father's side are deemed important for emotional ties and for the transfer of property or wealth. 2\. Matrilineal Descent Systems: only the mothers's family are significant (opposite of Patrilineal) 3\. Bilateral Descent System: both sides of the family are regarded as equally important. GENOGRAM A diagnostic tool used by therapists to record the status of emotional relationships to a given individual. Often based on the format of a standard family tree but includes fictive kin. How to draw a genogram At times in this course, you will be asked to create summary notes for a lesson/lecture. You would need to go back through the material to pinpoint and explain important terms/concepts (You can also use the glossary of your textbook for some -- use the textbook in class or access the textbook online in the content library of onenote). For today, I will create an outline of 9 topics that need to be summarized. - simply define/make notes in the space provided below. Together with the material in the lesson, your answers will become the material you will use to study for tests. Anthropology: ANTHROPOLOGY focuses on the DEVELOPMENT of human SPECIES and human CULTURE throughout the WORLD. ANTHROPOLOGIST will likely LIVE with the cultural group over a period of time and OBSERVE their RITUALS, GROUP BEHAVIOUR AND CULTURE Psychology: PSYCHOLOGISTS focus on human BEHAVIOUR in an attempt to discover their UNDERLYING TRIGGERS and the causes for HUMAN BEHAVIOUR. They do this by STUDYING people\'s FEELINGS, THOUGHTS AND PERSONALITY, using INTERVIEWS AND DISCUSSIONS, to discover any past INFLUENCIAL EXPIRIENCES. Sociology: SOCIOLOGY focuses on how humans act within a GROUP, they study the DEVELOPMENT and STRUCTURE of human SOCIETY and how it WORKS or FUNCTIONS. They do this be conducting EXPERIMENTS and using STATISTICAL ANALYSIS and OBSERVATION. Why are the disciplines most useful when used together to analyze human behaviour? These disciplines are very important because they all study HUMAN BEHAVIOUR. Genealogy: GEONOLOGY is a RECORD or TABLE of the DECENT of a person, family or group from their ANCESTORS. It can also be a FAMILY TREE, PEDIGREE OR LINEAGE. Family vs Kinship: FAMILY and KINSHIP are NOT the same in CANADA. FAMILY implies a COMMON RESIDENCE and RECIPROCAL RELATIONSHIP on a DAILY basis. KIN consists of all the EXTENDED FAMILY (uncles, aunts, cousins, grandparents, in-laws, and other relatives) including ones never met Fictive Kin: FICTIVE KIN is the practice of ACKNOWLEDGING people that are NOT BIOLOGICALLY related as KIN. An example is calling your mom\'s friend AUNTY. Descent Patterns: All known societies have developed DECENT PATTERNS, with about 64% giving PREFRENCE to ONE side of the family or the other in tracing descent. There are THREE descent patterns: PATRINIEL Descent Systems: only relatives on the FATHER\'S side are deemed IMPORTANT for EMOTIONAL TIES and for the TRANSFER of PROPERTY or WEALTH. MATRIENEL Descent Systems: only the MOTHER\'S family are IMPRTANT\... BILATERAL Descent System: BOTH sides of the family are regarded as EQUALLY important. Genogram: GENOGRAM is a DIAGNOSTIC TOOL used by THERAPISTS to RECORD the STATUS OR STATE of EMOTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS of an INDIVIDUAL. (Often based on the format of a standard family tree but includes fictive kin.) Read pages 6-9, "How Anthropologists Conduct Their Work", "Poverty in Brazil" and "Testing Our Intuition." CORRELATIONS & Statistics Correlation: An association between two or more things. Example: there is a positive correlation between cigarette smoking and the incidence of lung cancer. Causation: The relation between cause and effect; the act of causing something to happen. Example: if you put your hand over fire it will burn Variables: Something that is likely to change or vary; changeable; something that varies or is prone to variation. "Correlation does NOT equal causation" Just b/c two things coincide all the time does not prove that one causes the other to happen --example: If the murder rate were shown to rise in states with capital punishment, we could not conclude that the enforcement of the death penalty causes more murders... there are far too many other variables that interfere with the finds to allow us to come to any immediate conclusion about the effect of capital punishment on the murder rate. All that could be said for certain is there is a correlation b/t increased murder rates and the death penalty. Why this happens can only be a matter of speculation and perhaps a starting point for further investigation. Statistics are often tossed around as if they could speak for themselves. For example, advertisers claim \"Ivory soap is 99% pure.\" (Pure what?) Or a researcher may claim that \"the average American today watches 5.3 hours of TV per day.\" (What does \"average\" mean?) All facts must be interpreted and analyzed when used as part of an argument. NEVER ACCEPT A STATISTIC AT FACE VALUE! QUESTION EVERYTHING! Got it? Answer this: \"Why does correlation NOT equal causation? Causation is what will happen with you, correlation is what could happen to you Just because two things happen together often does not mean one caused the other to happen; this is because of variables. An example is smoking and cancer, other variables could be genetics, how long they\'ve smoked for, how much they smoke A School of Thought emerges when a large number of people accept someone's theory for explaining the way something works. A School of Thought is a theory that has gained widespread credibility. Each discipline has many different schools of thought. In this class, we will examine the ones you are most likely to come across in first year university classes. Today, we look at major Schools of Thought within Anthropology. Functionalism: -To understand a culture, you need to look at the social institutions(what kind of institutions? eg laws, schools) in place to meet the needs of society. -Society functions beautifully to meet the needs of people. -CRITICISM -- doesn't take flaws in the system into account. INCREDIBLY DATED(not everyone has access to education, clean water) Examples: the school cafeteria is a social institution within the school culture that provides food and drink Prisons are in place to deal with violent criminals Structuralism(picture a scale) -To understand a culture, you must realize that things are understood by looking at them as binary opposites (polar opposites). -To understand what something means, you must look at its opposite. -Criticism: overly simplistic and generalizing. Example: To understand what it means to be beautiful, you must look at what it means to be unattractive. To understand what it means to be rich, you must look at what it means to be poor. Cultural Materialism -To understand a culture, you must look at WHAT it is they value (materialism) and how they go about earning the money to buy it (economics).(we value big houses, cars, fancy clothes) -Criticisms -- try to apply these generalizations to other types of societies. Example: we value the university degree so that we can have a life of leisure in the future (vacations, nice stuff). We work crazy hours or seek great jobs so that we can have an awesome house. Introduction to Anthropology 1. What is the main takeaway (conclusion) for the case study called \"Poverty in Brazil?\" (Pg 7) One-liner about what it\'s about: Anthropologist, Nancy, went to investigate poverty in Brazil in squatter towns, were the sugar plantations displaced farmers. One-liner about what\'s important to take away: social scientist must probe behind the figures published by governments to discover whether the picture 2. Define the key concepts of the chapter listed below -- feel free to use the glossary. What\'s it about, what\'s an important take away. Key Concepts: Social Science: Behaviour: Discipline: Culture: Participant-Observation: Intuition: Kinship: Patrilineal: Ethnography: School of Thought: Institution (2nd one in text glossary): Binary Opposite: Materialism (2nd one in text glossary): Determinism: \*if you haven\'t already, go to the Communications tab and fill in the personal info sheet. Note: If you have an IEP, be sure to click on the Communications tab and fill in the consultation log. 😊 If you have an IEP and you don\'t see anything in the comm tab, please message me/let me know right away! Superbowl Ad Rock Paper Scissors Face Off. STOP Did you go into the tournament with an existing strategy? Did you develop a strategy as you went on? Do you think there is skill to this game? Skim case-study on pages 17-18. "A Study of Game Theory" GAME THEORY: What economists call game theory, psychologists call the theory of social situations, which is an accurate description of what game theory is about. Although game theory is relevant to parlor games such as poker or bridge, most research in game theory focuses on how groups of people interact. The game theory deals largely with how intelligent individuals interact with one another in an effort to achieve their own goals. Read pages 15-16 "How Psychologists Conduct their Work" and "When Bystanders Join in." Answer question 1 & 2 on page 16 \(1) Whether she reacted positively or negatively was the most important variable (cues we get from the participants and other bystanders) \(2) diffusion of responsibility (you don't feel responsible because other people are present, so you assume they'll do it) and powerful social forces involved. FOCUS ON SKILLS: NOTETAKING Read: Article: Altruism Altruism can refer to: being helpful to other people with little or no interest in being rewarded for one's efforts. This is distinct from merely helping others. An ethical doctrine that holds individuals have a moral obligation to help others, if necessary to the exclusion of one's own interest or benefit. One who holds such a doctrine is known as an altruist. Altruism in psychology and sociology If one performs an act beneficial to others with a view to gaining some personal benefit, then it is not an altruistically motivated act. There are several different perspectives on how benefit or interest should be defined. A material gain (Example money, a physical reward, etc) as being philosophically identical benefits to emotional benefits (Example a good feeling). According to psychological egoism, while people can exhibit altruistic behavior, they cannot have altruistic motivations( they say you always act selfishly). Psychological egoists would say that while they might very well spend their lives benefiting others with no material benefit to themselves, their most basic motive for doing so as always to further their own interests. For example, it would be alleged that the foundational motive behind a person acting this way is to advance their own psychological well-being. Critics of this theory often rejected on the grounds that it is non-falsifiable; in other words, it is designed in such a way to be impossible to prove or disprove. Altruism usually means helping another person without expecting material reward from that or other persons, although it might well entail the internal benefit of a good feeling, sense of satisfaction, self-esteem, fulfillment of duty (whether imposed by religion or simply one's conscience), or the like. In this way one need not speculate on the motives of the altruist in question. Humans are not exclusively altruistic towards family members, previous cooperators or potential future allies, but can be altruistic towards people they don't know and will never meet. For example, humans donate to international charities and volunteer their time to help society's less fortunate. It's far-fetched to claim that these altruistic deeds are done in the hope of a return favour. The game theory analysis of this just in case strategy, where the principle would always be \"help everyone in case you need to pull a favour in return\", is a non-optimal strategy, where your effort is far greater than the payoff. It makes sense that certain human beings making substantial emotional satisfaction from actions which they perceive to make the world a better place are indeed behaving altruistically rather than as a psychological egoist. Using the article above, highlight and make summary notes using the dots below. (aim for 4-6 solid points -- paraphrase -- don\'t simply copy and paste) Game theory and psychological egotism walk hand in hand because they both involve having to feel better about oneself or personal gain. Psychological egoist claim that we always act selfishly Altruism is being helpful to someone else without any expectations or personal gain Psychological egoist, while they might perform seemingly altruistic acts, they are really doing it out if their own selfish desire Phycological egotism is often rejected by critics because it is not possible to prove or disprove someone\'s motivations for doing something, this is also called non falsifiable So it is possible to have altruistic behaviours but not altruistic motivations, as they are not motivated by personal gain. Watch this clip from Friends: (4.5 min) That one where there\'s \"No such thing as a selfless good deed\" How did the Friends clip help you understand the difference between Altruism and Psychological Egoism? Give an example to help you explain. Joey volunteered for an organization just to get on tv, an example of psychological egoism, but when Pheobe gave birth to her brothers children just to be nice, which is altruism, but Pheobe spending the episode looking fir a selfless act to prove joey wrong is inheritably selfish. Define Game Theory and give an example. Calculated acts that satisfy a personal desire or goal. Using page 15, define the three bolded terms. Experimental psychology- the branch of discipline that sets up experiments to see how individuals act in particular situations. Clinical psychology- a branch of the discipline that develops programs for treating individuals suffering from mental illness and behavioural disorders. Actors- people who become active participants in given situations. REMINDER: If you haven\'t already, do the assigned reading for unit 1. Article: Altruism Altruism can refer to: being helpful to other people with little or no interest in being rewarded for one's efforts. This is distinct from merely helping others. An ethical doctrine that holds individuals have a moral obligation to help others, if necessary to the exclusion of one's own interest or benefit. One who holds such a doctrine is known as an altruist. Altruism in psychology and sociology If one performs an act beneficial to others with a view to gaining some personal benefit, then it is not an altruistically motivated act. There are several different perspectives on how benefit or interest should be defined. A material gain (Example money, a physical reward, etc) as being philosophically identical benefits. According to psychological egoism, while people can exhibit altruistic behavior, they cannot have altruistic motivations. Psychological egoists would say that while they might very well spend their lives benefiting others with no material benefit to themselves, their most basic motive for doing so as always to further their own interests. For example, it would be alleged that the foundational motive behind a person acting this way is to advance their own psychological well-being. Critics of this theory often rejected on the grounds that it is non-falsifiable; in other words, it is designed in such a way to be impossible to prove or disprove. Altruism usually means helping another person without expecting material reward from that or other persons, although it might well entail the internal benefit of a good feeling, sense of satisfaction, self-esteem, fulfillment of duty (whether imposed by religion or simply one's conscience), or the like. In this way one need not speculate on the motives of the altruist in question. Humans are not exclusively altruistic towards family members, previous cooperators or potential future allies, but can be altruistic towards people they don't know and will never meet. For example, humans donate to international charities and volunteer their time to help society's less fortunate. It's far-fetched to claim that these altruistic deeds are done in the hope of a return favour. The game theory analysis of this just in case strategy, where the principle would always be \"help everyone in case you need to pull a favour in return\", is a non-optimal strategy, where your effort is far greater than the payoff. It makes sense that certain human beings making substantial emotional satisfaction from actions which they perceive to make the world a better place Exemplar of solid summary notes for the Altruism article: Altruism - a good deed without consideration of reward; a moral view of how people should live their lives \*Good Samaritan\* Motivation is KEY! If someone does a good deed in order to receive a reward (emotional or material), it\'s NOT altruistic. Psychological Egoism - although acts may SEEM altruistic, humans are ALWAYS motivated by a desire for reward \*like game theory\* (basis for human motivation is to always further our own interests). \*IMPOSSIBLE TO PROVE or DISPROVE!!!! Even if someone gets a nice feeling after helping, it doesn\'t take away from the altruistic act -- there\'s NO need to question the motives. People don\'t just help family and people around them -- sometimes they help strangers they\'ll never meet -- far-fetched to think they\'re hoping for a return favour (good karma?) (game theory) Goodness exists! Some people aren\'t looking for personal gain but just want to make the world a better place -- ALTRUISM! HSBC NAME: -GARANT V-n DATE: Altruism can refer to: being helpful to other people with little or no interest in being rewarded a ood deed for one\'s efforts. This is distinct from merely helping others. an ethical doctrine that holds that individuals have amoral obligation to mo help others, if necessary to the exclusion ofone\'s own interest or Shooi.d. benefit. One who holds such a doctrine is known asan \"altruist.\" Altruism in psychology and sociology If one performs an act beneficial to others with a view t\' gaining some personal Key benefit, then it is not an altruistically motivated act. There are several different a \'od deed perspectiVes on how \"benefit\" (or \"interest\") should be defined. A material (e.g. money, physical reward, etc.) is clearly a form of benefit, while others reoord , NOT identify and include both material and immaterial gains (affection, respect, sfaction etc.) as being philosophically identical benefits. ernoAi0r.Q Of ccording to holo cale o ism while people can exhibit altruistic behavior, they cannot have altruistic motivations. Psychological egoists would say that while they might very well spend their lives benefitting others with no material benefit (or a material net loss) to themselves, their most (pr.doing so is always to further their own interests. For example, it would be alleged that the foundational motive behind a person acting this way is to advance their own psychological well-being. Critics of this theory often reject it on the grounds that it is non-falsifiable; in other words, it is designed in such a way as to be impossible to prove or disprove. Notetaking skills cont\'d HOW DO el START BABY STEPS Pretend that this is a university lecture\.... Reminder to vandalize your notes with highlighting -- add to the content of notes by adding extra points/examples. PSYCHOLOGICAL SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT Psychoanalytic To understand an individual you must recognize the impact of early childhood memories stored in the subconscious mind. The mind is controlled by three elements: the ego(aware of it, you), the superego(represented by angel, kind of in the surface of the water, tells you what you should do, if you only listen to this your kind boring, it\'s like your conscious) and the Id(think of the bottom of a lake, represented as the devil, even though it wants you to be happy 24/7, no matter what, stands for instinct and desire, do what makes you happy, example if you want something just take it, consequence don't matter, like the psychopath of your brain). Superego and id are binary opposites, you need to find a balance because they are extremes Criticism: sex is NOT the only element involved in personality development. Sigmund Freude believes you can deal with any kind of emotional issue you have with getting into the part of your brain that you are not aware of. We are compelled by our subconscious, if you want to get into it you can solve your problems. Basis of psychotherapy, before mental problems were thrown into asylums, then people started talking in therapy. The conscious and unconscious Subconscious picture a deep lake that you can\'t look into, all of your forgot things are floating there and effecting the way you think, Act, feel, and you don\'t know any of it. Example: Individuals who have experienced significant trauma in childhood may exhibit personality traits and behaviors influenced by these early experiences. For example, a person who experienced neglect as a child might struggle with trust issues and low self-esteem in adulthood. Behaviourism To understand an individual, you must look at the impact of parent-child relationships. Dr. Watson -- Strict vs. Dr. Spock -- Permissive... good parenting = well adjusted adult. Criticism -- ignores the role of heredity Both binary opposites and extremes, once agin need middle ground. Doesn\'t take nature vs nurture into account, only nurture. Example: In real-life scenarios, parents who adopt different approaches, such as strict or permissive parenting, can observe the impact of their choices on their children\'s behavior. Abusive/Neglectful parenting may have a drastic impact on adult behaviour. Learning To understand an individual you must recognize the importance of learning -- people learn by making associations, consequence and modelled behaviour. Pavlov -- association (dogs), Skinner -- consequence (rats), Bandura -- modelling (bobo clown(monkey see, monkey do)). Criticism -- school of thought is TOO vast Example: People learn what a relationship is like by watching how their parents interact. If one parent is abusive, abuse may become normalized behaviour for the child. People learn from previous experiences -- if in childhood, adults were not dependable, a child will learn to distrust people. Adults often develop healthy eating habits through associations. For instance, if someone associates the taste of fresh fruits and vegetables with feeling energized and maintaining a healthy weight, they are more likely to incorporate these foods into their diet. Theorists of the Psychological Schools of Thought Practice this new skill of making Cornell-style summary notes for the material on Psychological Schools of Thought covered on pages 18-21 in the textbook. Briefly summarize the school of thought in addition to briefly explaining the major contribution of each of the key practitioners mentioned below. (Aim for 4-6 points in total per School of Thought) Psychoanalytic: Freud Behaviourism: Watson & Spock Learning: Pavlov, Skinner & Bandura Finally, give a brief 1-2 line summary of the reading. \*\*\*\*I\'ve done the notes on Psychoanalytic so you can see what I want for the other two\.... COMPLETE ALL SECTIONS BELOW (feel free to refer back to your altruism example as well) Title of Reading: schools of thought in psychology Cues Summary Notes Sigmund Freud & how the mind operates (conscious/subconscious) Id, Ego, Super Ego Childhood experiences stored in subconscious Subconscious mind can be worked with in therapy to adjust behaviour Icon John Watson Benjamin Spock John Watson is strict Benjamin Spock is permissive NURTURE VS NATURE Behaviorism believes a child\'s upbringing and parental relationship forms their adulthood and character. Both theories only factored in a child\'s nurture but nut their nature. Parenting techniques should be tailored to fit a child\'s individual need Most of human behavior is learned, mainly in childhood. Controlling learning method, influences actions. Ivan Pavlov-dogs-association B.F Skinner-rats-conditioning-stimulus response Alfred Bandura-children-bobo the clown-modelling Psychoanalytic Theory Mind divided into two parts -- conscious (part we\'re aware of) and subconscious (part we\'re not aware of). Subconscious has massive influence on personality and behaviour. Ego referees between id (seeks pleasure), super ego (seeks to do the right thing) Sigmund Freud believed childhood experiences are stored in our subconscious mind and have a powerful influence on how we function. The unconscious mind can be unlocked/treated through dream analysis and hypnosis -- counsellors can lead a patient to explore prior experiences and help them understand their understand of self and other. BASIS OF MODERN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Behaviourism Psychologists can predict and control or modify human behaviour by identifying the factors that motivate them in the first place. particularly the parent-child relationship in early childhood, and the rules and practices used to raise them. How we are raise has a huge impact on our character. John b Watson(I think of harry potter and Emma Watson) is the founder of behaviorism, he used animal experiments to determine whether strict or flexible learning patterns is more effective. Wrote a book called \"psychological care of the infant and child\", it stated that children should be raised using a scientific strictly scheduled rules based model. Benjamin Spock(I think of Spock from star wars), wrote a book suggesting something opposing titled \"baby and child care\" Spock believed in behaviourism, but that a permissive approach is better, and would result in a more well-adjusted adult. The overall belief in both theories is that correct child rearing methods would result in well-adjusted adults. Theorists concluded that every child is unique and child rearing should be tailored to meet individual needs, Criticism, they both ignored the influence of heredity in human development on the type of adult that emerges from childhood Learning Learning theory is vast area of study They believe that humans are born with little instinct but a lot of learning potential They believe that most of human behaviour is learned, primarily in our childhood. They also believe that by controlling the way humans learn behaviours, society can influence their personalities. Ivan Pavlov and B.F skinner conduct animal experiments to see the best way to learn. Pavlov experimented with dogs, and showed that it is possible for a dog to associate the sound of a bell, with the arrival of food, causing the dog to salivate by the sound of the bell. Skinner showed that rats can receive food as rewards for pressing a bar in a specific sequence. This led theorist to believe that earning was a stimulus-response effect, so if a subject is stimulated correctly, it with give the appropriate response. From this, it was believed that if children were raised lovingly, but with clear expectations for bad and good behaviour, they would be secure adults. This was belief was cemented after studying the childhood of criminals, as they did not have the childhood described. Alfred bandura complicated this thinking, after placing children in a room as they watched films of hitting or petting a clown doll, that quickly observed how the children\'s behaviour mirrored the behavior the adults they saw on film. Bandura concluded thar learning is a modelling experience, and when humans observe behaviour, they are likely to practice the same behavior. Summary: This reading covers the three psychological schools of thought including information on their key practioners. Just in case you want to reflect on what we talked about today\... Image result for carpe diem Goal of Course\.... Concept of Choice. It all boils down to PERCEPTION Weigh in... What's good in this world? What's bad? Identify the filters through which you view the world. CHALLENGE & CHANGE! What you believe about the world shapes how you perceive events. Change the way you look at the world, and the things that you'll look at change \*back poster As you watch this 5 minute video, ask yourself: What is success to you? What do you give your energy? Who are you? Who are you NOT? Who do you WANT to be? What could you do differently to be the best version of you? 5 Minutes for the Next 50 Years - Mathhew McConaughey Motivational Speech "Optimism is a strategy for making a better future. Because unless you believe that the future can be better, you are unlikely to step up and take responsibility for making it so." Noam Chomsky Social/Cultural Obstacles \* Frustration.... Angst Apathy. Challenge and CHANGE! Video (5 Min) What is wrong with our culture? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgqL9n6kZc8 Children Learn what they Live If children live with criticism, they learn to condemn. If children live with hostility, they learn to fight. If children live with ridicule, they learn to feel shy. If children live with shame, they learn to feel guilty. If children live with encouragement, they learn confidence. If children live with tolerance, they learn patience. If children live with praise, they learn appreciation. If children live with friendliness, they learn the world is a nice place in which to live. Alone we can't change everything.... But we can change something. It doesn't have to be epic to be meaningful. Lost Generation 1:45 Lost Generation Morrie Quote Layout of Course: First ½ of course gives you the foundation Second ½ of course challenges you to be an informed globally minded citizen. This course asks you to look carefully at the world around you... to analyze the situation objectively and to recognize where things are working and where they need to change. Challenge & Change! PS. I\'m really glad you took this course! 😊 Please fill in the personal info sheet. Theorists of the Psychological Schools of Thought Using pages 18-21 of your textbook, try to create Cornell-style summary notes detailing the importance of each of the following Schools of Thought & practitioners. Psychoanalytic: Freud Behaviourism: Watson & Spock Learning: Pavlov, Skinner & Bandura Title of Reading: Psychological Schools of Thought Cues Summary Notes Sigmund Freud & how the mind operates (conscious/subconscious) Id, Ego, Super Ego Childhood experiences stored in subconscious Subconscious mind can be worked with in therapy to adjust behaviour Find the cause to initiate change. Parent-Child relationship is key. John B. Watson -- strict Benjamin Spock -- permissive\' Learn HOW people learn to control outcomes in adulthood \- Ivan Pavlov (dogs) BF Skinner (pigeons/rats) -Children learn through cause & effect Children learn modelled behaviour (Bandura -- Bobo Clown). Psychoanalytic Theory Mind divided into two parts -- conscious (part we\'re aware of) and subconscious (part we\'re not aware of). Subconscious has massive influence on personality and behaviour. -Ego referees between id (seeks pleasure), super ego (seeks to do the right thing) Sigmund Freud believed childhood experiences are stored in our subconscious mind and have a powerful influence on how we function. The unconscious mind can be unlocked/treated through dream analysis and hypnosis -- counsellors can lead a patient to explore prior experiences and help them understand their understand of self and other. BASIS OF MODERN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY Behaviourism Believe that psychologists can predict and control or modify behaviour by identifying factors that motivate it. Child-rearing methods have a huge influence on us in adulthood John B. Watson (founder of behaviourism) believed children should be raised strictly. Benjamin Spock believed that a permissive approach to child rearing would result in well adjusted adults. Criticism: Ignores influence of heredity. Learning Theory Massive area of study stating that humans learn behaviour in childhood and youth. By controlling the way humans learn, society can control outcomes in adulthood. Ivan Pavlov -- experiments on dogs -- associate one thing with another BF Skinner -- trained pigeons/rats to do something for a reward or to avoid punishment. Pavlov & Skinner exposed a stimulus-response effect -- this with that. Good parenting = clear and consistent expectations for good behav and swift/fair consequences for bad behaviour. Albert Bandura -- Experiment with children and Bobo clown -- either playing nicely/roughly - learning/behaviour is modelled by observing positive/negative actions and then child repeats it. Summary: This note explores the three psychological schools of thought in addition to the key practitioners in each. Elements of a Social Science Experiment As we go through this lecture on Social Science Experiments, take/add Cornell-style notes using the following headings/subheadings. Remember, take your notes in the Summary Notes Column and then once we are done, (maybe tonight when you review your notes), you can add cues in the left column and add the summary. \ ELEMENTS OF A SOCIAL SCIENCE EXPERIMENT Cues Summary Notes Question- begin expirements Hypothesis Variables- factor that creates change Independent variable- manipulated variable(IF) Dependent variable- responding variable(THEN) Intervening Variable- Control group-indifferent group Question: Like other forms of inquiry, experiments begin with a question or problem. Hypothesis: anxiety delays the onset of urination and reduced the duration of urine flow. Variables: factors that can create change in an experiment. 3 Types of Variables A\) Independent Variable: t The factor to be changed in the experiment. Thing you\'re testing, manipulated variable. Cause in an experiment. If part in hypotheses B\) Dependent Variable: what you\'re observing. Responding variable. Responds to the change you make. Then part of hypothesis. Testing affect. C\) Intervening Variable: variable that cause difficulty in making a simple link between the independent and dependent variable. Control Group: to measure the true impact of the independent variable, experiment will also monitor a group as a standard for comparison. Remember the calm the violent and the indifferent, this is the indifferent. Observation: experiment requires some method of observing, measure and recording the change that takes place, including all notes and data obtained during the experiment such as observation of peoples reactions Conclusions: statement that indicated whether the hypotheses is supported by the evidence provided by the experiment. Similar to an essays thesis. It firmly states the finding of the experiment. so was your hypothesis accurate, throw in statistics of you can. What did you take away. Summary of Lecture: Examples: Change this question into a hypothesis then identify the independent & dependent variable. Are men who are social isolated (no friends or social connections) more likely to abuse their wives than men who are social integrated (have friends/social connections)? Hypothesis: men who are socially isolated are more likely to abuse their wives due to their lack of social upbringing. Example: if men are socially isolated, then they are more likely to abuse their wives. Independent Variable: social isolated Dependent Variable: abuse of wife Hypothesis: Anxiety delays the onset and duration of male urination. Independent Variable: anxiety Dependent Variable: onset and duration of urination For each of the following, (a) write a hypothesis (b) identify the independent and dependent variable. If teachers treat students well, will they be more likely to listen during the class? Hypothesis: if teachers treat students well, then they are more likely to listen during class Independent Variable: how teachers treat their students Dependent Variable: how well children listen If children eat sugar before bedtime, will they have more difficulty falling asleep? Hypothesis: if children eat sugar before bedtime, then they will have more difficulty falling asleep. Independent Variable: children eating sugar before bedtime Dependent Variable: how difficult it is for them to fall asleep. Using the video, \"5 Psychology Experiments You Couldn\'t Do Today,\" complete the following: The National Commission for the Protection of Human Services of Biomedical & Behavioural Research created the \"Belmont Report.\" Three principles that all experiments would have to adhere to in order to protect the participants and be considered ethical. Explain each of the following \#1 Respect for Persons: subjects have to give informed consent. (Needs to know the risks and benefits) \#2 Beneficence(opposite of maleficent): researches should try not to have any negative impact on the wellbeing of the people who participate in their studies. (ESSENTIALY:DO NO HARM) \#3 Justice: Subjects aren\'t exploited. The burdens of the study and the benefits of the results are distributed fairly. Which of the 5 experiments shown in the video (Little Albert(john Watson-conditioning), The Monster Study(feedback on stutters), The Milgram Experiment(Stanely Milgram- shocking learner- obeying authority figures), The Bystander Effect(john Darley- college students, how long it took to respond to someone have a seizure on call with others) , The Stanford Prison Experiment(Philip Zimbardo- how social roles affect behavior- prisoners and guards) did you find the MOST unethical? Why? (just a couple lines is fine) Take away: We want to understand the human mind but we also have to protect the minds being studied! The standards laid out by the Belmont Report do just that. Sociological Schools of Thought Structural Functionalism: To understand a society, you must look at the NEEDS of the citizens and then how the society provides institutions to meet these needs. Criticism Doesn't account for change or problems in the system Neo-Marxism (Conflict Theory): To understand a society you must recognize that there is a class system in place where the sentiment of "Survival of the Richest" is in place. \$ = power, opportunity Criticism: overemphasizes role of economy, doesn't see redeeming qualities of some ppl with \$(think of gossip girl) Symbolic-Interactionism To understand an individual in a society, you must recognize that the FACTS of a situation do not matter as much as the perception of the situation. Charles Cooley -- Looking Glass Theory. "I am who I think YOU THINK I am"(imagine walking into a room and everyone goes silent, what would you assume happened and how wound you act accordingly) Criticism: downplays role of institutions and is hard to prove/disprove ppl's perception. Feminist Theory To understand a society, you must understand the patriarchal structure that has left an imbalance of power between genders. Criticism: overemphasizes gender -- downplays other factors such as ethnicity and class. Application of Schools of Thought As you know, schools of thought are theories of explaining an aspect of culture/societies/individual behaviour that have gained widespread credibility (a following). In small groups, try to apply each theory to a social issue suggested below or to one you come up with on your own. How would each school of thought comment on one of the social issues? How could it be applied to explain why this happens? Each group will be asked to share a few examples. Jot down brief points from your group work in addition to the class discussion that follows. Social Issues: (or one of your own) Prostitution Spousal Abuse Marital Infidelity Addiction Poverty Inequality School Dropout Bullying Crime Sexism Homophobia Stigma - Mental Illness Anthropological Schools of Thought: Functionalism (institutions): Functionalists would state that there are institutions in place for school dropouts. Functionalists would state that there are homeless shelters in place for those in poverty. Structuralism (binary opposites): To understand what it means to be in poverty you need to know what it is like to be rich. To understand what it means to be an addict, you have to look at someone who is clean. Cultural Materialism (materialism & earning): People value sex so much, so if they\'re not able to get it the normal way, they are willing to pay for it. OR if you cannot make money in a corporate way through retail or whatever, prostitutes are willing to sell sex to get what they want. An addict can be willing to gain relief or escape in drugs or alcohol that they become addicted. Psychological Schools of Thought: Psychoanalytic (early childhood subconscious memories): So if they grew up watching their parent get abused, they grow up to abuse their own partner, explaining spousal abuse Being around crime culture, you could grow up committing crimes Being bullied as a child might affect you in many ways like you could become a bully or have mental illness Behaviorism (parent relationship): So if they were abused by their parents then they would find it normal to treat others the same way by bullying An absent parent can make someone grow up to be clingy or have trust issues(daddy issues) Learning Theory (consequences/association/modeling): If they grew up around influences that didn't respect the opposite gender they could grow up too be sexist. Growing up around homophobia can make you homophobic Every time a kid ask their parent to come to their events or something, they could grow up thinking their unimportant. Sociological Schools of Thought: Structural-Functionalism (needs of citizens & institutions): So for people with mental illness have mental asylums and therapy People with addiction have rehab Neo-Marxism (Conflict Theory) (class system): Depending on your class in life determines your likelihood of committing a crime, so if you are in a lower class you are more likely to steal Symbolic Interactionism (perception over fact): Mental illness because the way you perceive things can affect your mental health. Crime because the way the police, the public and a jury perceive something can affect the punishment for a crime. Inequality because stereotypes are built on assumptions. Feminist (sexism): So one gender is favored over the other causing inequality among genders. School dropout because in some cultures women cant go to school In spousal abuse its mainly women being abused. HSB4U1 -- Landmark Social Science Experiments Article: The Most Famous Social Psychology Experiments Ever Performed By Kendra Cherry,  Very Well Mind December 14, 2020.  (Taken in excerpts)  Proper reference for this source: Should have hanging indent and NO hyperlink. Cherry, K. (2020, December 14). The Most Famous Social Science Psychology Experiments Ever Performed. Very Well Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/famous-social-psychology-experiments-2795667 Why do people do the things they do? Why is it that people seem to act differently in groups? Just how much influence do others have on our own behavior? Over the years, social psychologists have explored these very questions by conducting experiments. The results of some of the best-known experiments remain relevant (and often quite controversial) to this day. Learn more about some of the most famous experiments in the history of social psychology. 1 A\) The Asch Conformity Experiments What do you do when you know you\'re right, but the rest of the group disagrees with you? Do you bow to group pressure? In a series of famous experiments conducted during the 1950s, psychologist Solomon Asch demonstrated that people would give the wrong answer on a test in order to fit in with the rest of the group.  While we might like to believe that we would resist group pressure (especially when we know the group is wrong), Asch\'s results revealed that people are surprisingly susceptible to conformity. The results revealed that when other people picked the wrong line, 37% (commonly reported as 1/3) of participants were likely to conform and give the same answers as the rest of the group. Not only did Asch\'s experiment teach us a great deal about the power of conformity, but it also inspired a whole host of additional research on how people conform and obey, including Milgram\'s infamous obedience experiments. NOTE FROM VIDEO: As long as there are 3 or more people agreeing the same thing, you will likely agree with them. He believes the group is correct because they are the majority he knows he\'s right but agrees to avoid the awkwardness of going against the group After getting a partner that said the right thing, they said the right one. This proves it\'s not necessarily the large number but the uniformity in the answers CONCLUSION: 1/3 of us will cave to group pressure so that we don't stand out from the group. As you watch the video, try to connect conclusions/implications of this experiment to social issues present in contemporary society: People that commit crimes with a group Bullying in a group Some social pressures or expectations such as pregnancy, getting a degree and job Political swaying Following trends like fashion, terminology People not fact checking information Peer pressure like just going along with people in group projects Experiments are powerful because they don't just reveal something about human behavior but they can equip us with the tools or knowledge to change our own behavior 5:47min Asch Conformity Experiment B\) The Milgram Experiments Following the trial of Adolph Eichmann for war crimes committed during World War II, psychologist Stanley Milgram wanted to better understand why people obey.(inspired by holocaust) \"Could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders? Could we call them all accomplices?\" Milgram wondered. The results of his controversial obedience experiments were nothing short of astonishing and continue to be both thought-provoking and controversial today. The study involved ordering participants to deliver increasingly painful shocks to another person. While the victim was simply a confederate pretending to be injured, the participants fully believed that they were giving electrical shocks to the other person. Even when the victim was protesting or complaining of a heart condition, 65% of the participants continued to deliver painful, possibly fatal shocks on the experimenter\'s orders. Obviously, no one wants to believe that they are capable of inflicting pain or torture on another human being simply on the orders of an authority figure. The results of the obedience experiments are disturbing because they reveal that people are much more obedient than they may believe. The study is also controversial because it suffers from ethical concerns, primarily the psychological distress it created for the participants. NOTE: the more people there are the more time it takes for one person to do something The purpose was to find out why people do something wrong because ethey were ordered to do so by an authority figure As you watch the video, try to connect conclusions/implications of this experiment to social issues present in contemporary society: Police officers, people listen to officers, officers listen to commanders Children needing to listen to adults, forcing us to do things or passing down ideologies. Crime and gangs and people feeling they need to listen to their leader Diffusion of responsibility in society Power imbalances with authority figures example \#timesup Police brutality 6 min abc news Primetime Milgram C\) The Bandura Bobo Doll Experiment Does watching violence on television cause children to behave more aggressively? In a series of experiments conducted during the early 1960s, psychologist Albert Bandura set out to investigate the impact of observed aggression on children\'s behavior.2 In his Bobo doll experiments, children would watch an adult interacting with a Bobo doll. In one condition, the adult model behaved passively toward the doll, but in another condition, the adult would kick, punch, strike, and yell at the doll. The results revealed that children who watched the adult model behave violently toward the doll were more likely to imitate the aggressive behavior later on.  The debate over the degree to which violence on television, movies, gaming, and other media influences children\'s behavior continues to rage on today, so it perhaps comes as no surprise that Bandura\'s findings are still so relevant. The experiment has also helped inspire hundreds of additional studies exploring the impacts of observed aggression and violence. As you watch the video, try to connect conclusions/implications of this experiment to social issues present in contemporary society: Children growing up seeing abusive parents might make them aggressive and vice versa Children growing up around racists or bigots they might grow up with the same mindset(children are more likely to mimic the behavior of the parent that is the same sex as them.) Link between violent media and consumption Media normalizing social attitudes like racism Social media trends 5 min The Brain: A Secret History - Emotions; Bandura Bobo Doll Experiment The Stanford Prison Experiment Disclaimer: The Stanford Prison Experiment is based on the true story of a professor at Stanford University, who set up a mock prison in a hallway, with students as inmates and guards. The film excellently portrays the dark turn this took when the guards began to physically and psychologically abuse the inmates. The material is very intense and contains sexist/homophobic references, fighting, screaming, panic attacks, and brief references to sexual assault. Stop at 1:40 and restart at 1:50. Unnecessary to plot. During the early 1970s, Philip Zimbardo set up a fake prison in the basement of the Stanford Psychology Department, recruited participants to play prisoners and guards, and played the role of the prison warden. The experiment was designed to look at the effect that a prison environment would have on behavior, but it quickly became one of the most famous and controversial experiments of all time. The Stanford prison experiment was originally slated to last a full two weeks. It ended after just 6 days. Why? Because the participants became so enmeshed in their assumed roles that the guards became almost sadistically abusive and the prisoners became anxious, depressed, and emotionally disturbed. While the Stanford prison experiment was designed to look at prison behavior, it has since become an emblem of how powerfully people are influenced by situations. Part of the notoriety stems from the study\'s treatment of the participants. The subjects were placed in a situation that created considerable psychological distress. So much so that the study had to be halted less than halfway through the experiment. The study has long been upheld as an example of how people yield to the situation, but critics have suggested that the participants\' behavior may have been unduly influenced by Zimbardo himself in his capacity as the mock prison\'s \"warden.\"  (\$15 in 1971 is equivalent in purchasing power to about \$114.23 today) As you watch \"The Stanford Prison Experiment\" think about the implication of this experiment on social issues. You can jot ideas down here: An example is cases of police brutality Another example can be the relationship between older and younger siblings. Bystander behavior, 1/3 became tyrants This is shown in actual prisons This is shown in war Abusive relationship Workplace environment Follow up Q\'s Why was this experiment flawed? What would have been worse in this experiment -- being a prisoner or a guard? Explain 1-11 -- Watch original experiment, learn APA formatting for reference, read article and make notes 1-12 -- Work period to finalize notes. Due by end of period. Eye of the Storm Jane Elliot 1970 (24 minutes) The documentary footage of Jane Elliott's classroom was filmed in 1970, and the social norms of the time are reflective of the prejudice and resulting mistreatment/discrimination of African Americans and other non-white groups of people living in the United States at this time. Jane Elliott's "Eye of the Storm" Purpose: -To teach children what it feels like to be discriminated against. -To see how quickly you can teach prejudice Method: -Divided kids by eye colour -- gave each a turn at being "Superior"... -Create "false facts" to support privilege/inferiority -Gave privileges and praise to superior kids. -Conducted testing (card pack) to weigh/gauge the effect. Conclusions: People are easily influenced by authority and superiority(similar to Milgram experiment) Power corrupts(Zimbardo) Prejudice is taught(bandura) When people experience stress, they cannot thrive nor achieve their full potential(Maslow(hierarchy of needs)) ROUND TABLE Use this link to complete the following: Article Link: https://www.oprahdaily.com/life/a33959630/jane-elliott-racism-2020-interview/ Round Table: Part A. -Open a Word document. Create columns to format notes as Cornell Style notes as seen below. Switch font to 12pt Times New Roman. -Title at the top should be Jane Elliott (centered & bolded). -Include 7th APA Reference Last name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day OR n.d.). Title of Article. Source in Italics. Full website including links with no hyperlink -You should take 6-10 summary points for the article. Notes must be point form using bullets. Don\'t forget to fill in the cues column after\... the cues should be beside the summary note they are attached to. Don\'t spend too much time on the actual experiment -- (1 to 2 points) - there\'s so much more to discuss. Be concise!!!! -Don\'t forget to provide a summary at the very bottom. Your work should look like the following chart: Be sure to SAVE AS A PDF and double check your work before submitting. I will mark what you submit. If you\'re aiming for level 4, hit the high end of detail.  Be sure to paraphrase your points as your work will be filtered through Turnitin.com.  Similarity must be less than 30%.  Submit early enough that if your similarity is too high, you have time to fix and resubmit. Marks for this part will be reflected on the round table evaluation sheet in OneNote. This must be submitted to Edsby by the end of the period on Friday September 27th. Part A: Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Level R Total APA Reference Perfectly formatted 1-2 Errors 3 errors Many errors/Not APA format Not submitted \_\_\_/5 Summary Notes 9-10 Solid Summary Notes & Cues in Cornell Style -- incredible format/ detail. 6-8 solid summary notes & cues -- good effort with Cornell style format & notes Notes lack expected detail Cornell style not observed or with many errors Extremely brief notes -- Not in Cornell Style Not submitted \_\_\_/10 \_\_\_/5 GO TO APA AND ISU Tab in OneNote and look at: 7th ed. APA References -- Screen Shots Conditions for and Impediments to Social Change Anthropologist, Margaret Mead wrote that everyone over the age of 40 is an immigrant. Basically, what she meant by this was that all people over 40 find themselves in a society very different from the one in which they grew up. Conditions for Social Change: Leadership, A Populace Ready for Change and the Role of Elites. Conditions for Social Change : Sociologist, Max Weberidentified one of the most important componentsofsocial change to be the emergence of a leaderwith charisma. Such a leaderis characterized by broad vision, magnetic style, and strongpopularsupport. Charismatic leadersmay be people of whom we approve ordisapprove. What they havein common is that they personally affect the course of history and are remem bered for centuries after their dea ths. Leadership FACTORS THAT LEAD TO SOCIAL CHANGE A Populace Ready for Change Ifa population is not dy for the kind ofsocial cha proposed by a leaderor modernizing elite, nothing will happen. The vision has to match the \"mood\" ofthe public. Studies indicate that the values a c quired early in life may stay with us thro ugh o ut o urlives. The Role of Elites ciologist, Samuel Eisenstadt theorizes tha t in most societies, there exists \"modernizing elites\" --- groups of people who create significant social change a nd influence the direction in which it Impediments to Social Change: Traditional Cultural Values: in some cases, a group will resist the factors used to push social change (modernity -- the notion that all social change is inevitable and beneficial) using traditional values. People may cling to a traditional worldview, pushing an adherence to old practices. Many social changes (example: a national childcare system) have not gone forward primary because of the expenses involved. NON-VIOLENT CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE · The refusal to obey certain laws or governmental demands for the purpose of influencing legislation or government policy, characterized by the employment of such nonviolent techniques as boycotting, picketing and nonpayment of taxes. Example: Nelson Mandela & Apartheid (Apartheid: an official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa from 1948-the early 90's). Civil Disobedience Grab one example of a person from the video (identify and give a one-liner) who engaged in civil disobedience: Malala Yousafzai, Activist He Named Me Malala Official Trailer 1 (2015) - Documentary HD What did Malala protest against? What we need to take away from this\.... be mechanical in your thinking\... really look at the world with your OWN eyes. \*Link to Goals of course\.... APATHY is the enemy of change & Anyone can and SHOULD be a hero. Howard Zinn was an American historian, playwright, philosopher and socialist thinker. He was chair of the history and social sciences department at Spelman College, and a political science professor at Boston University. Matt Damon from Howard Zinn\'s speech: The Problem is Civil Obedience Once you\'ve watched the entire video, explain the major takeaway from this speech in one line. Takeaway: Positive & Negative Aspects of Conformity & Alienation TEST WORTHY CONFORMITY ALIENATION POSITIVE ASPECTS Encourages polite social interactions and predictable behaviours. Spurs reformers into action to challenge the status quo. NEGATIVE ASPECTS Discourages social change; can lead people to resist the temptation to do things differently; can encourage people to accept practices that are wrong. Can be so severe that people give up and accept life in the margins of society, in crime or dire poverty; can lead to suicide or substance abuse. Conformity & Alienation Read 77-81 in the textbook and complete the following: 1\. Define 8 key concepts listed on page 77. 2\. After reading the casestudy on page 78-79, complete the following: Summary (1-2 lines): Takeaway (1-2 lines): Heads up: The movie that we will be watching over the next couple days, \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\" Rated PG-13 contains a mention of eating disorders and reoccurring themes of homophobia. depression, suicide, implied sexual abuse of a child & intimate partner violence. If you think this might be too intense for you, let me know and I can provide an alternative for you to complete in the library. 😊